Part Three Chapter IX

IX Kay Bawden never wanted to set foot in Miles and Samantha's house again. She could not forgive them for witnessing Gavin's parade of indifference, nor could she forget Miles' patronizing laughter, his attitude to Bellchapel, or the sneery way that he and Samantha had spoken about Krystal Weedon. In spite of Gavin's apology and his tepid assurances of affection, Kay could not stop picturing him nose to nose with Mary on the sofa; jumping up to help her with the plates; walking her home in the dark. When Gavin told her, a few days later, that he had had dinner at Mary's house, she had to fight down an angry response, because he had never eaten more than toast at her house in Hope Street. She might not be allowed to say anything bad about The Widow, about whom Gavin spoke as though she were the Holy Mother, but the Mollisons were different. ‘I can't say I like Miles very much.' ‘He's not exactly my best mate.' ‘If you ask me, it'll be a catastrophe for the addiction clinic if he gets elected.' ‘I doubt it'll make any difference.' Gavin's apathy, his indifference to other people's pain, always infuriated Kay. ‘Isn't there anyone who'll stick up for Bellchapel?' ‘Colin Wall, I suppose,' said Gavin. So, at eight o'clock on Monday evening, Kay walked up the Walls' drive and rang their doorbell. From the front step, she could make out Samantha Mollison's red Ford Fiesta, parked in the drive three houses along. The sight added a little extra zest to her desire for a fight. The Walls' door was opened by a short plain dumpy woman in a tie-dyed skirt. ‘Hello,' said Kay. ‘My name's Kay Bawden, and I was wondering whether I could speak to Colin Wall?' For a split second, Tessa simply stared at the attractive young woman on the doorstep whom she had never seen before. The strangest idea flashed across her mind: that Colin was having an affair and that his lover had come to tell her so. ‘Oh – yes – come in. I'm Tessa.' Kay wiped her feet conscientiously on the doormat and followed Tessa into a sitting room that was smaller, shabbier but cosier than the Mollisons'. A tall, balding man with a high forehead was sitting in an armchair with a notebook in his lap and a pen in his hand. ‘Colin, this is Kay Bawden,' said Tessa. ‘She'd like to speak to you.' Tessa saw Colin's startled and wary expression, and knew at once that the woman was a stranger to him. Really, she thought, a little ashamed, what were you thinking? ‘I'm sorry to barge in on you like this, unannounced,' said Kay, as Colin stood up to shake her hand. ‘I would have telephoned, but you're – ‘ ‘We're ex-directory, yes,' said Colin. He towered over Kay, his eyes tiny behind the lenses of his glasses. ‘Please, sit down.' ‘Thank you. It's about the election,' said Kay. ‘This Parish Council election. You're standing, aren't you, against Miles Mollison?' ‘That's right,' said Colin nervously. He knew who she must be: the reporter who had wanted to talk to Krystal. They had tracked him down – Tessa ought not to have let her in. ‘I was wondering whether I could help in any way,' said Kay. ‘I'm a social worker, mostly working in the Fields. There are some facts and figures I could give you about the Bellchapel Addiction Clinic, which Mollison seems quite keen on closing. I've been told that you're for the clinic? That you'd like to keep it open?' The onrush of relief and pleasure made him almost giddy. ‘Oh, yes,' said Colin, ‘yes, I would. Yes, that was my predecessor's – that's to say, the previous holder of the seat – Barry Fairbrother – was certainly opposed to closing the clinic. And I am, too.' ‘Well, I've had a conversation with Miles Mollison, and he made it quite clear that he doesn't think the clinic's worth keeping open. Frankly, I think he's rather ignorant and naive about the causes and treatment of addiction, and about the very real difference Bellchapel is making. If the Parish refuses to renew the lease on the building, and the District cuts funding, then there's a danger that some very vulnerable people will be left without support.' ‘Yes, yes, I see,' said Colin. ‘Oh, yes, I agree.' He was astonished and flattered that this attractive young woman would have walked through the evening to find him and offer herself as an ally. ‘Would you like a cup of tea or coffee, Kay?' asked Tessa. ‘Oh, thanks very much,' said Kay. ‘Tea, please, Tessa. No sugar.' Fats was in the kitchen, helping himself from the fridge. He ate copiously and continually, but remained scrawny, never putting on an ounce of weight. In spite of his openly declared disgust for them, he seemed unaffected by Tessa's pack of ready-filled syringes, which sat in a clinical white box next to the cheese. Tessa moved to the kettle, and her thoughts returned to the subject that had consumed her ever since Sukhvinder had suggested it earlier: that Fats and Krystal were ‘seeing each other'. She had not questioned Fats, and she had not told Colin. The more that Tessa thought about it, the more certain she was that it could not be true. She was sure that Fats held himself in such high regard that no girl would be good enough, especially a girl like Krystal. Surely he would not †¦ Demean himself? Is that it? Is that what you think? ‘Who's here?' Fats asked Tessa, through a mouthful of cold chicken, as she put on the kettle. ‘A woman who wants to help Dad get elected to the council,' replied Tessa, foraging in the cupboard for biscuits. ‘Why? Does she fancy him?' ‘Grow up, Stu,' said Tessa crossly. He plucked several slices of thin ham out of an open pack and poked them, bit by bit, into his crammed mouth, like a magician inserting silk handkerchiefs into his fist. Fats sometimes stood for ten minutes at a time at the open fridge, ripping open clingfilm and packets and putting chunks of food directly into his mouth. It was a habit Colin deprecated, along with almost every other aspect of Fats' behaviour. ‘Why's she want to help him, seriously?' he asked, having swallowed his mouthful of meat. ‘She wants the Bellchapel Addiction Clinic to stay open.' ‘What, a junkie, is she?' ‘No, she isn't a junkie,' said Tessa, noting with annoyance that Fats had finished the last three chocolate biscuits and left the empty wrappings on the shelf. ‘She's a social worker, and she thinks the clinic is doing a good job. Dad wants to keep it open, but Miles Mollison doesn't think it's very effective.' ‘It can't be doing that well. The Fields are full of glue-sniffers and smackheads.' Tessa knew that if she had said that Colin wanted to close the clinic, Fats would have instantly produced an argument for its continuation. ‘You ought to be a barrister, Stu,' she said as the kettle lid started to rattle. When Tessa returned to the sitting room with her tray, she found Kay talking Colin through a sheaf of printed material she had brought out of her big tote bag. ‘†¦ two drugs workers part-funded by the council, and partly by Action on Addiction, which is a really good charity. Then there's a social worker attached to the clinic, Nina, she's the one who gave me all this – oh, thanks very much,' said Kay, beaming up at Tessa, who had set down a mug of tea on the table beside her. Kay had taken to the Walls, in just a few minutes, as she had not taken to anybody else in Pagford. There had been no sweeping up-and-down glance from Tessa as she walked in, no gimlet-eyed assessment of her physical imperfections and dress sense. Her husband, though nervous, seemed decent and earnest in his determination to obstruct the abandonment of the Fields. ‘Is that a London accent, Kay?' asked Tessa, dunking a plain biscuit in her tea. Kay nodded. ‘What brings you to Pagford?' ‘A relationship,' said Kay. She took no pleasure saying it, even though she and Gavin were officially reconciled. She turned back to Colin. ‘I don't quite understand the situation with regards to the Parish Council and the clinic.' ‘Oh, it owns the building,' said Colin. ‘It's an old church. The lease is coming up for renewal.' ‘So that would be an easy way to force them out.' ‘Exactly. When did you say you'd spoken to Miles Mollison?' asked Colin, both hoping and dreading to hear that Miles had mentioned him. ‘We had dinner, Friday before last,' Kay explained, ‘Gavin and I – ‘ ‘Oh, you're Gavin's girlfriend!' interjected Tessa. ‘Yes; and, anyway, the subject of the Fields came up – ‘ ‘It would,' said Tessa. ‘ – and Miles mentioned Bellchapel, and I was quite – quite dismayed by the way he talked about the issues involved. I told him I'm dealing with a family at the moment,' Kay remembered her indiscreet mention of the Weedons' names and proceeded carefully, ‘and if the mother is deprived of methadone, she'll almost certainly end up back on the game.' ‘That sounds like the Weedons,' said Tessa, with a lowering sensation. ‘I – yes, I am talking about the Weedons, actually,' said Kay. Tessa reached for another biscuit. ‘I'm Krystal's guidance teacher. This must be the second time her mother's been through Bellchapel, is it?' ‘Third,' said Kay. ‘We've known Krystal since she was five: she was in our son's class at primary school,' Tessa said. ‘She's had an awful life, really.' ‘Absolutely,' said Kay. ‘It's astounding she's as sweet as she is, actually.' ‘Oh, I agree,' said Colin heartily. Remembering Colin's absolute refusal to rescind Krystal's detention after the squawking incident in assembly, Tessa raised her eyebrows. Then she wondered, with a sick lurch in her stomach, what Colin would say if Sukhvinder was not lying or mistaken. But surely Sukhvinder was wrong. She was a shy, naive girl. Probably she had got the wrong end of the stick †¦ misheard something †¦ ‘The point is, about the only thing that motivates Terri is the fear of losing her kids,' said Kay. ‘She's back on track at the moment; her key worker at the clinic told me she senses a bit of a breakthrough in Terri's attitude. If Bellchapel closes, it all goes belly-up again, and God knows what'll happen to the family.' ‘This is all very useful,' said Colin, nodding importantly, and starting to make notes on a clean page in his notebook. ‘Very useful indeed. Did you say you've got statistics on people going clean?' Kay shuffled the printed pages, looking for the information. Tessa had the impression that Colin wanted to reclaim Kay's attention for himself. He had always been susceptible to good looks and a sympathetic manner. Tessa munched another biscuit, still thinking about Krystal. Their recent guidance sessions had not been very satisfactory. Krystal had been standoffish. Today's had been no different. She had extracted a promise from Krystal that she would not pursue or harass Sukhvinder Jawanda again, but Krystal's demeanour suggested that Tessa had let her down, that trust was broken. Possibly Colin's detention was to blame. Tessa had thought that she and Krystal had forged a bond strong enough to withstand that, although it had never been quite like the one Krystal had with Barry. (Tessa had been there, on the spot, the day that Barry had come into school with a rowing machine, looking for recruits to the crew he was trying to start. She had been summoned from the staff room to the gym, because the PE teacher was off sick, and the only supply teacher they could find at such short notice was male. The fourth-year girls, in their shorts and Aertex tops, had been giggly when they had arrived in the gym to find Miss Jarvis absent, replaced by two strange men. Tessa had had to reprimand Krystal, Nikki and Leanne, who had pushed to the front of the class and were making lewd suggestive remarks about the supply teacher; he was a handsome young man with an unfortunate tendency to blush. Barry, short, ginger-haired and bearded, was wearing a tracksuit. He had taken a morning off work to do this. Everybody thought his idea was strange and unrealistic: schools like Winterdown did not have rowing eights. Niamh and Siobhan had seemed half amused, half mortified by their dad's presence. Barry explained what he was trying to do: put together crews. He had secured the use of the old boathouse down on the canal at Yarvil; it was a fabulous sport, and an opportunity to shine, for themselves, for their school. Tessa had positioned herself right next to Krystal and her friends to keep them in check; the worst of their giggling had subsided, but was not entirely quelled. Barry demonstrated the rowing machine and asked for volunteers. Nobody stepped forward. ‘Krystal Weedon,' said Barry, pointing at her. ‘I've seen you dangling off the monkey bars down the park; that's proper upper body strength you've got there. Come here and give it a go.' Krystal was only too happy to step into the spotlight; she swaggered up to the machine and sat down on it. Even with Tessa glowering beside them, Nikki and Leanne had howled with laughter and the rest of the class joined in. Barry showed Krystal what to do. The silent supply teacher had watched in professional alarm as Barry positioned her hands on the wooden handle. She heaved on the handle, making a stupid face at Nikki and Leanne, and everyone laughed again. ‘Look at that,' Barry had said, beaming. ‘She's a natural.' Had Krystal really been a natural? Tessa did not know anything about rowing; she could not tell. ‘Straighten your back,' Barry told Krystal, ‘or you'll injure it. That's it. Pull †¦ pull †¦ look at that technique †¦ have you done this before?' Then Krystal really had straightened her back, and she really had done it properly. She stopped looking at Nikki and Leanne. She hit a rhythm. ‘Excellent,' said Barry. ‘Look at that †¦ excellent. That's how you do it! Atta girl. And again. And again. And – ‘ ‘It ‘urts!' shouted Krystal. ‘I know it does. That's how you end up with arms like Jennifer Aniston, doing that,' said Barry. There had been a little ripple of laughter, but this time they laughed with him. What was it that Barry had had? He was always so present, so natural, so entirely without self-consciousness. Teenagers, Tessa knew, were riven with the fear of ridicule. Those who were without it, and God knew there were few enough of them in the adult world, had natural authority among the young; they ought to be forced to teach. ‘And rest!' Barry said, and Krystal slumped, red in the face and rubbing her arms. ‘You'll have to give up the fags, Krystal,' said Barry, and he got a big laugh this time. ‘OK, who else wants a try?' When Krystal rejoined her watching classmates, she was no longer laughing. She watched each new rower jealously, her eyes darting constantly to Barry's bearded face to see what he thought of them. When Carmen Lewis messed it up completely, Barry said, ‘Show 'em, Krystal,' and her face lit up as she returned to the machine. But at the end of the exhibition, when Barry asked those who were interested in trying out for the team to raise their hands, Krystal kept her arms folded. Tessa watched her shake her head, sneering, as Nikki muttered to her. Barry carefully noted down the names of the interested girls, then looked up. ‘And you, Krystal Weedon,' he said, pointing at her. ‘You're coming too. Don't you shake your head at me. I'll be very annoyed if I don't see you. That's natural talent you've got there. I don't like seeing natural talent wasted. Krys – tal,' he said loudly, inscribing her name, ‘Wee – don.' Had Krystal thought about her natural talent as she showered at the end of the lesson? Had she carried the thought of her new aptitude around with her that day, like an unexpected Valentine? Tessa did not know; but to the amazement of all, except perhaps Barry, Krystal had turned up at try-outs.) Colin was nodding vigorously as Kay took him through relapse rates at Bellchapel. ‘Parminder should see this,' he said. ‘I'll make sure she gets a copy. Yes, yes, very useful indeed.' Feeling slightly sick, Tessa took a fourth biscuit.

Protecting the Scenic Beauty of Wildlife

Protecting the Scenic Beauty of Wildlife By Jeramy Buckman CM220 Unit 9 Final Project 7/17/12 I want everyone to close your eyes and picture yourself in the Rocky Mountains with your children hiking up a trail to your favorite camping site next to a hidden lake. While walking down the trail you are looking around looking for animals prints to show your children. You are excited to show your children some of the beautiful wildlife that you got to see when you where their age when your parents did this for you.As you and your children are walking you start to realize that you are not really seeing any wildlife that should be very abundant in this area. You also are noticing that there are not as many wild flowers and plants that were also here. You finally realize that you will not be able to give your children the wonderful memories that you received as a child. As you may have realized that this is a problem that we are starting to see and face today. Many times animals become extinc t causing changes to the scientific life cycle, environment, scenic sights, food sources and many others.This has a drastic affect not only one our habitat and environment but can and will also affect us as humans. We as people can prevent and preserve this beauty for future generations all we have to do is understand the problem and take action. We need to educate ourselves and our children of the importance of animals and how to protect them. We need to understand what happens when we introduce an exotic species to an area, about pollution, habitat destruction, over using animals, poaching, the punishment for poaching, and how we can help prevent all of this.Every day we are rapidly losing many different plant and animal species. With this rapid decrease of these animals and plants we start to lose the beautiful sights that we grew up with, taking away those potential memories from our children and generations to come. Ten thousand scientists in the World Conservation Union stated that anywhere between 2. 7 and 270 species are erased from existence every day including today. So broken down, 1 out or 4 mammals, 1 out of 8 birds, 1 out of 3 amphibians are at risk of extinction (Whitty, J. 2007). This is not the only thing that can happen though.With the loss of these species it starts to affect the plants and animals around them causing them to slowly die out. This then can end up causing more drastic effect to the environment and even us. As E. O. Wilson stated in a speech: â€Å"that if we were able to kill off all the insects that it would lead to our own extinction† (2007). First, I want to provide a friendly recap of what many of us have learned as a child in school, and that is the food chain. The food chain basically contains four important groups. The first group of the chain is the sun. This offers energy to everything on this planet.The next group is the producers. These are things that are able to make their own food by using the energy the s un provides. Examples of these are, grass, trees, flowers, vegetables, etc. Next, we have the consumers. Consumers are any species that eats something, either plants or other animals. Finally, we have the decomposers. These are things like bacteria or fungi that take something that has died and breaks it down and produces gases like carbon and nitrogen. They then release that back into the air, soil, or water where it will be used by future producers (ThinkQuest, 2012).When an animal (such as a grizzly bear) becomes extinct this an effect not only on the food chain but the food web also. When the bear is gone it is no longer eating other plants or animals, which can then lead to them starting to over populate. Over time these plants and animals are going to start to decline because their food sources are being depleted due to the increased numbers. So as you can see even the smallest species plays an important role and affects everything around them. There are many things that are t he leading causes of animal endangerment and extinction.One of these causes is the introduction of exotic species not found in a specific area. When this is done it can affect the balance of things. Lets’ take the government’s action to introduce the grey wolf into Montana and how it had a drastic effect on things. First off the grey wolf that the government introduced was not the species of grey wolf that are native to Montana. Because of this introduction many of us noticed the numbers of deer and elk started to rapidly decrease. And like I mentioned earlier the deer population decreasing has an effect on other species of plants and animals that depend on them.So the biggest thing that not only the government, but us also, is that we have to remember is that we need to introduce animals in the area that they normally come from instead of an area that has never known that type of species. Another factor that is causing the increase of endangerment and extinction of sp ecies is habitat destruction. The greatest force that causes habitat destruction is the human being. We cut down forests to make room for our expansion and needs. We cause pollution of the land, water, and air which in turn can also increase the greenhouse effect (Kurpis, L. 002). So what are some of the ways that we can prevent this? That is an ongoing battle that we fight today. For the pollution is to use greener more environment friendly types of energy such as wind or solar, drive less or carpool, and of course recycling is a big help. Also keep in contact with the state government if you notice factories or companies that happen to be polluting and see if there may be a safer alternative. Never be afraid to write to state officials, remember we helped to get them into office so they can help us protect the animals.This leads to another cause of the increase of endangerment and extinction is what some call â€Å"over exploitation†. This is when we â€Å"over use† a species. This can be caused by miscounting numbers of a species in an area, and then over hunting that area, causing a drastic drop in numbers. Again we are not just affecting that species but others that are part of that food web in that area. Another reason why animals’ numbers are declining is due to poaching. Poaching is the knowledgeable and purposeful illegal killing of an animal. This is done either for trophies such as antlers, horns, or other things that poachers will classify as a trophy.Some poachers will do it for money selling the animal meat or trophies to the highest bidder. Unfortunately, some do it because they need the food and cannot afford to wait till the proper hunting season, or come across the animal in a no hunting area. Yet some poachers do it for the sport of the kill. This affects us because they are killing and wasting animals that can be hunted during proper hunting seasons, kill endangered species, and other animals that are not allowed to be hunted (Fish, Wildlife, & Parks 2012). Here in Montana we do have laws against poaching but is it enough?The punishment for poaching an animal can be a fine of $50 up to $35,000, jail time from 6 months up to 20 years the loss of hunting, fishing, and trapping rights from 2 years to life and possible restitution for the animal based off of the species, sex, age, and whether it was a trophy animal or not. The bad thing about this is that not all judges will give the maximum punishment and give more of a â€Å"slap on the wrist†. For example a person was caught poaching two moose and the judge sentenced them with a fine of $50,000, no time in jail and the loss of their hunting rights for 8 years.I feel that we as a whole need to contact our state legislature and try to get the punishment increased and enforced better, because I feel that some poachers don’t learn the lesson. Again we will use the hunter mentioned earlier. He didn’t learn his lesson because he stil l brags about what he done and goes around telling people of other animals he has poached since then. If we can get additional laws and bills passed I believe that this will help limit the amount of animals killed due to poaching. Some of you are asking, â€Å"What can we personally do about poaching†.One of the ways that you can help reduce the numbers of poachers is if you happen to see an animal being killed illegally you need to report it to the local Fish and Game, Forest Service or the local authorities. Second if you are a hunter or a fisher make sure that you know that the area that you are hunting/fishing is an area that is not protected against it. On way you can do this is by purchasing a local map that will show areas that are allowed to be hunted or places that you can seek permission to hunt or fish. Always keep an eye out for no hunting or no trespassing signs which are the number one way to know you can’t be there.Also, you want to make sure that you be come familiar with the animals or fish that you are trying to get so that you don’t shoot or fish something that you should not. For example black bears are not always black but can also be brown. This can lead someone to shoot a grizzly which happens to be a protected animal. You need to learn the distinguishing marks and differences between the black bear and the grizzly before you go hunting. You should always get the hunting/fishing regulations because they always include information on the species and what to look for so that you know what you are trying to hunt or fish.Another option is that you can research the animal that you are going to be hunting and get information and pictures of them so you can become familiar with the species. And finally you can always take hunters safety which will give you additional hunting and fishing knowledge. You have to remember that poaching isn’t always done on purpose it can be done due to the lack of knowledge. The main this that everyone has to keep in mind is that poaching is illegal and needs to be stopped. We need to remember to know the areas that we can and cannot hunt or fish.We also need to have a running knowledge of the animals that we are hunting and fishing so as not to shoot something that looks similar only to find out that it is a different species. And above all is if you see or know someone that is poaching is that you need to report it to the proper authorities. With this knowledge and understanding of poaching together we can help lower one of the reasons for the rapid decline of animals. So as you can see, we as humans need to take a stand and start helping to protect what many of us hold very dear to us and future generations.We need to educate ourselves and future generations of the importance of animals. We need to limit, as best as possible, the amount of habitat that we destroy. We also need to understand the amount and types of species that we bring into an area. We need to un derstand and help prevent pollution not only for our sake but also the animals. Above all we need to take a stand against the over exploitation of animals and the biggest one is poaching. If we stand together I feel very confident that we can make a difference and protect our childhood scenic beauty to share with future generations to come. ReferencesFish, Wildlife, & Parks (2012). Poaching in Montana. Source Retrieved from http://fwp. mt. gov/enforcement/crimes/poaching. html Kurpis, L (2002). Causes of endangerment. Source Retrieved from http://www. endangeredspecie. com/causes_of_endangerment. htm ThinkQuest (2012). The food chain. Source Retrieved from http://library. thinkquest. org/11353/food. htm Wilson, E. O. (2007). Saving life on earth. Source Retrieved from http://www. ted. com/talks/e_o_wilson_on_saving_life_on_earth. html Whitty, J. (2007). Animal extinction – the greatest threat to mankind. Source Retrieved from http://www. commondreams. org/archive/2007/04/30/8 62

Abraham Lincoln Essay Example for Free (#3)

Abraham Lincoln Essay Essay Topic: Literature , Abraham Lincoln Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA ? According to Abraham Lincoln, â€Å"Your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other thing. † (Mills 3). I was inspired by this quote that speaks of success, which I will describe as a golden star that everyone wants to reach. This quote is similar to most of the leadership quotes because it speaks of ways to reach success, but, this quote is special in a way that it could be related to the self-fulfilling prophecy. Simply put, the main road to success is the â€Å"will to succeed. † I’m sure each of us has experienced actually failing a task whenever our mind is embedded with the phrase: â€Å"I can’t do this! † If you believe that you will be successful in any endeavor you want to take, then, you have taken the first step to becoming a person who is the â€Å"king or queen of success. † I myself have noticed that whenever I put into mind that I will â€Å"win,† the outcome turns out to be truly positive. This essay can help readers realize that their goals can be achieved by first believing in themselves. If a person always expects that he/she will succeed in something specific, then his/her expectations will most probably turn into a reality as what the so-called â€Å"self-fulfilling prophecy† suggests. Rosenthal, in his book: â€Å"Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research,† said: â€Å"Events tend to turn out as one has hypothesized, not because of some great insight but because one behaves in a manner to achieve this outcome. † Believing in this theory would mean that we would have to love ourselves more, believe that we have what it takes to win in this â€Å"game† called life, and, at the same time, because of our mind set, act in such a way that enables us to achieve our dreams. Bear in Mind: Success is in your hands, just believe! Mills, Dawson A. â€Å"Continuing Education Offerings Abound. † The Virginian-Pilot [Virginia] 28 January 1996:3. Rosenthal, Robert. Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966. Abraham Lincoln. (2017, Apr 26).

Project Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Project Managment - Essay Example However, determining whether the renovation was a success moves beyond architectural tangibles and considers elements of planning and control when external stakeholders are supporting the project or criticizing its long-term value and benefit. Successful project management through an environment with ongoing disputes and interruptions whilst attempting to maintain a positive stakeholder relationship requires dedication to planning, establishing control systems for employees and systems and customer/partner relationship management. The same can be said for the Forth Bridge renovation project, as it entails economic considerations on the local community as well as measurable changes in best practice related to maintaining quality stakeholder relationships. Planning involves a focus on human resources development, maintaining quality in not only construction but in collaboration and controlling process and resource allocation in the most cost-effective method available. Both the Forth Bridge and Thermae Spa encountered delays and complications during the renovation phase, however in relation to planning, control and stakeholder service, both projects met or are meeting their intended goals. This is the nature of project management: â€Å"Ongoing, high quality business relationships with customers have been recognised as a source of competitive advantage†¦the ability to control these relationships and enhance their quality is important to satisfaction† (Myhal, Kang & Murphy 2008, p.445). In major renovation projects involving multiple stakeholder groups, relationship development over a long-term project is a key function both for planning and for control. Key personnel will be acting as representatives of the renovation business or sponsor organisation, thus training in public relations should be included in the training curriculum. Project management is identifying the impact of human personnel, as related to basic fundamentals of sociology and psychology, and

Gender and Sexual Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Gender and Sexual Studies - Essay Example The Western gay identity has become almost a de facto identity of this post modern world (Fortier, 2002). This paper is aimed at providing a critical analysis of the Queer theory of homosexuality and the related empirical evidences from the real life experiences on the notion of non-heterosexuality. The method used in the paper is based on the library search on different aspects related to hetero-sexual identity and application of Queer theory. In this essay, interviews of Annie Lennox, David Bowie and Liz Aggis have also been considered and discussed in the related context. Queer theory The complexities of the postmodern and post colonial issues of identity and belongings have been used by the notion of queer diaspora for changing the perception of the orientation away from the preexisting identities established alternatively by either nature or culture (Fortier, 2002). Generally, the word queer means strange, odd, or abnormal. This word was generally attached to the lesbians and ga y men in terms of abuse. The term centers around various range of critical practices and priorities, critiques of sex-gender system, studies of transsexual and transgender identification and of transgressive desires (Spargo, 2000, p.9).Sexuality, when broadly conceived, can be viewed as the direct and indirect motivation for international relocation and movement captured in the light of sexual migration. Sexual migration captures the notion that queer persons confronted by homophobia or discrimination, the queer persons migrated to different locations to enable queer practices, identities, and subjectiveness. Various urban sectors in the West are amongst the first destination for evolution of the queer Diaspora. The areas include San Francisco, New York, Los Angeles, Sydney, Amsterdam, and Berlin. Some urban centers also attract the Queer migrants which are dedicated for economic development (Fortier, 2002). Queer Diasporic desire and queer diasporic body centers contradictions and violence of multiple uprooting, displacement and exiles. Queer diasporic cultural forms and practices generally indicate to the submerged histories of the racist and colonialist violence that persist to continue and make the people with queer desires to feel through the bodily desires. Queer Diaspora brings culture that is deliberately forgotten within the conventional nationalist or diasporic scripts (Gopinath, 2005, p.4). Homosexuality among men From the birth, the young boys are infused with the feelings that they it takes some attributes to be recognized as a man in true sense of terms. Certain attributes which a man should entail are that of independence, reoccupation with career and competitiveness of physical strength, aggressiveness, and courage. When these young boys have the difficulties in attaining these goals, generally emotional isolation is likely to crop up which results in the problematic behavior. In the western societies, males are usually accustomed to keep thems elves muscular, lean and fat free and also to maintain a mature successful look. The males become trapped between getting bigger and trying to slim. Men who are physically fit may not be completely satisfied with their bodies. Various studies state that the gay men express a greater degree of body dissatisfaction than heterosexual men. For many years, the homosexual men are victims of prejudice because of their queer sexual orientation. Their self images are also at high risk of decline due to the

Financial Management Foundations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Management Foundations - Essay Example (Garcia-Terul and Martinez-Solano, 2000: p. 164). Investments in working capital constitute a tradeoff between risk and profitability because decisions that increase profitability also increase risk and vice versa. This is obvious even in capital markets where a tradeoff exists between risk and profitability. For example, investments in equities tend to be riskier than investments in savings accounts and bonds but equities tend to pay higher returns that savings accounts and bonds. (Bodie et al, 2005). A company that has a negative net working capital therefore faces higher risks than a company that has a positive net working capital irrespective of the profitability of the company. This is so because, the company with higher current liabilities may have high levels of debts that may be uncollectible, but which must have been included in the sales figure used in calculating profit. Debtors may default on the payment of debt and inventories may go obsolete. Finance literature has long recognized that market imperfection and information asymmetry affect finance. Thus, corporations must choose from the various financing options appropriate for them. These include, warrants issuance, derivatives instruments, common stocks and Preferred stocks etc. (Ambarish, John &Williams 1987). The purpose of this paper is to differentiate between the various financing securities and derivatives instruments. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the various financial securities. In Section 3, differences e different financing securities are highlighted. Section 4 comments on the result and presents te conclusion. 2.0 Forms of Financing Securities Securities are often referred to as fungible, negotiable instrument representing financial values (Bodie, Kane, Marcus 2005). These instruments are broadly classified into debts securities (e.g., banknotes, bonds and debentures), and equity securities for example common stocks (Ross,Westerfield & Jaffe 1999). According to DeAngelo DeAngelo & Stulzb (2006) company or other entity issuing the security is called the issuer. What specifically qualifies as a security is dependent on the regulatory structure in a country. For example private investment pools may have some features of securities, but they may not be registered or regulated as such if they meet various restrictions (Ross, Westerfield & Jaffe 1999). Issuers include individuals, commercial banks, mortgage institutions and other international institution like the World bank. 2.1 Common stocks A common stock is an example of equity security. It represents the principal capital stock of a company. In most cases, Brealey & Myers (2005) state that a common stock security is a share in the capital stock of

Texas Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Texas Government - Essay Example (Texas Politics) There are striking similarities in these two constitutions. Both are founded on the cardinal principles of justice and equality towards all human beings irrespective of race and culture. They are identical in the framework of democratic rule of law based on division of powers between the legislature, the executive and the judiciary whilst exercising care to maintain balance of power amongst the three branches, viz. legislature, executive and judiciary, and protect the constitution from misuse or abuse of power by any individual. The background of the Texas constitution coming in the wake of its independence from Spanish rule coincides with the background of the U.S. constitution which came into being after the United States attained its independence from British rule. (Constitution of the United States) The differences lie in the areas of religion, policies on slavery, and the manner of drafting the constitution. Roman Catholicism was adopted as state religion in the Texas constitution. The United States constitution is silent on any such preference on religion although its articles and emblems principally endorse a faith in God based on reason and research. The Texas constitution consistently disapproved of slavery from its inception. The U.S. constitution dithered on the issue. The Texas constitution was drafted in a hurry and depended on U.S. constitution as source. The U.S. constitution was drafted in a pain-staking manner and required good amount of time and deliberations by the nation's founding fathers and legal experts. (Texas Politics) Texas PAC Every country, irrespective of its system of governance, has interest groups for noble causes such as education, human rights and environmental issues. The Associated Conservatives of Texas Political Action Committee (ACTPAC) supports conservative causes and forces in Texas. It is primarily engaged in raising funds for organizations and individuals espousing conservative ideals and activities. Obviously, ACTPAC has a broad agenda of social, economic and political nature. From standing up for tax cuts to waging war on terrorism, ACTPAC has the capability and resource to influence change for the better through interactions with those in power as also the ordinary citizen. Its officials are Jerry J. Mikus (Jr. Chairman), Mike McNamara (Vice Chairman and Secretary), Brian Russell (Treasurer), and Frank Alvarez (Consultant). The ACTPAC is headquartered at Austin, Texas, and by its very nature and form is beholden to the Conservative Party politically. As a political forum, ACTPAC is a multi-purpose body with a wide reach and powerful personalities to draw from. Its functions are modeled and organized to raise funds and gather support on critical issues affecting society as a whole. (Associated Conservatives of Texas PAC) Case heard by the Texas Supreme Court The case no. 03-0647 is a petition for review from the Court of Appeals for the Ninth District of Texas. The petitioner is Evanston Insurance Company and the respondent is ATOFINA Petrochemicals, Inc. Matthew Todd Jones, an employee of Tripe S Industrial Corporation contracted by ATOFINA

Answer the followng questons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Answer the followng questons - Essay Example itudes, and different, sometimes even clashing, conceptualizations (2).† To analyze real life data, I would initially seek to identify the points that contrast with my own ideas and opinions of the subject. Once I had identified the main points of the real life data, I would write out, in depth, the differences between those main points and my own original beliefs. 2. If 1st language acquisition is so straightforward, why is learning a 2nd language so difficult? What are the main barriers of second language learners? (In Cyprus what are the barriers for the Greek/Cypriot in learning the Turkish language and for the Turkish/Cypriot in learning the Greek language? (500 words) Bilingualism has come to be understood as being fluent at the native level of two languages. When learning about the acquisition of a second language, we may read, â€Å"Most SLA researchers see bilingualism as being the end result of learning a language, not the process itself, and see the term as referring to native-like fluency, which second language learners rarely achieve (â€Å"Wikipedia†).† The matter of learning a second language, not to mention a third or a fourth, is exceedingly difficult for several reasons. Among these are that with our native language, we are surrounded daily by examples of that which we are learning. Also, as we age, it becomes more and more difficult for us to hear the differences in languages that makes them more understandable. As stated in Science Daily, â€Å"It is an accepted fact that the younger the child, the easier it is for them to learn a second language (â€Å"Science News†).† In learning our primary language, we are surrounded by examples and experiences which reinforce our understanding of that language. We hear the words spoken every day, read signs in our traveling, and develop automatic cognitive recognition when we see an object. For example, when we see an eight-sided red sign with four white letters on it, we learn to recognize

Amelie Rorty on The Historicity of Psychological Attitudes Assignment

Amelie Rorty on The Historicity of Psychological Attitudes - Assignment Example Dynamically permeable love is precarious because once it changes the character of a person; their affair may terminate prematurely (Grau, Para. 22). According to Rorty, dynamically permeable love is distinct from constant rigid love in a number of different ways. Constant rigid love is a kind of love that is consistent and does not change due to circumstances two parties. Amidst difficult times, constant rigid love has the potential to prevail and stand the test of time. Although the character of friends may change due many factors such as growing wealthy or one becoming successful, their friendship will always remain unchanged. Even though the attributes that brought the two friends together initially changes, the love for the two parties remains unshaken. Other contributors of the topic such as Nozick and Kraut also came up with similar description for this kind of love. However, Rorty contends that this particular kind of love does not can grow to higher levels and flourish unlike dynamically permeable that has a high potential. Dynamically permeable love seems to enjoy the support of some groups because it considers changes as a means of guaranteeing consistency whereas constant love fails to do so. It accommodates changes in a partner’s traits for the sake of securing the friendship unlike constant love that is very rigid and protects the status quo (Grau, Para 23). In some instances, Rorty comes out supporting constancy of love as the best kind of love which creates confusion about her actual position on these two kinds of love. However, she fails to point out precisely on what entails constant love. Two definitions of constant love by Kraut leave her confused about the composition of constant love. The first views entail constant love, and the undying love that two friends may have despite character changes. The second one describes it as a love that does not undergo via dynamism given that the

Levi Strauss Signature Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Levi Strauss Signature - Case Study Example Levi’s brand is not as elastic as he put it because it has only been targeting a certain group in the market, for example, it could not design women jeans and younger people. The elasticity is low and this has overstretched the name of the brand with the introduction of the signature line (Levis Strauss & Co, 2011). 4. Develop the â€Å"brand schema† that you think existed for the overall Levis brand before and after the introduction of the Signature line (i.e., an associative network map of links and nodes). What are the marketing implications of the differences? The Levi’s Eco is a new product launched in 2006 and the difference with the rest is that it is made of organic cotton and sells at 30-68 dollars. The six environmental activism segments attracted to this type of jeans would be women in blue collar jobs, young children below 10 years, men aged above 55, I do not think that Levi’s Eco helps the brand with younger customers because young people do not prefer organic cotton clothes. They also feel that they are too warm for their bodies and are for old people. I think that Levi’s Strauss Signature may survive in the market as it is of a lower priced and designed in a way that taps the mass market. The Signature line also has styles for the entire family. The other advantage is selling at mass merchandisers, for example, in Wal-Mart where most people shop, therefore, easier access.  

Statistical Techniques in Business and Economics Essay Example for Free

Statistical Techniques in Business and Economics Essay Abstract Along with the web 2.0 prevailing since the beginning of the 21st century, social media has become one of the most important tools for companies to develop the markets or public relations during this decade. Most companies around the world have a good sense of the importance of the social media. Companies use all the social media websites available to create more chances to meet more businesses online, or only to get a platform to show what they have such as products or services, even though the audiences only catch a glance of their companies’ profiles, they have already achieved their marketing purposes. Individuals are very obsessed in social media personally as well as businesses; they think social media is a great way to distinguish themselves from others or let the world get to know them. Introduction Through our survey, it is not hard to find that social media can impact businesses in some certain areas. In the U.S., with Facebook floating on the stock exchange at a mind boggling $104 billion, many naysayers predict an Internet bubble. However, there is no denying the power of social media and the impact that it can have on the business of marketing. Particularly, there are four aspects. Firstly, social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Pinterest represent a huge opportunity for businesses to grab the attention of customers while simultaneously building a brand image. There are plenty of tactics that businesses can employ to do this including the creation of brand profiles on social networks such as Facebook fan pages and creative advertising via branded podcasts and applications, also known as apps. Secondly, we know how important the word of mouth is in business. Social media platforms provide the perfect opportunity to take advantage of word of mouth and to see it spreading. Social media is growing at its fastest rate in developing countries. People are connected on a global scale and casually participate in each other’s lives through online observation. Something as simple as â€Å"Liking† a brand on Facebook can spread very quickly throughout the various social media channels. It is worth noting that individuals trust the opinions of their peers far more than a glossy magazine advert. Millions of people review products and services directly via social media sites using videos through YouTube, which in many cases are then shared and disseminated via various other social media websites. As a consequence, the public increasingly looks to social media to find reviews on various products and services to help them to make buying decisions. As a result, companies can and do provide products to popular Youtube users to review for their subscribers as well as create their own branded Youtube channels with branded videos about their products. (Social Media can impact business) Regarding communicating with customers, companies may see massive negative reviews about their products or services when they are expecting to use it as their advantage. By utilizing social media effectively, companies can reach out to dissatisfied customers directly, within their own social m edia environment, to find innovative ways of improving the product or service they have offered. When creating a social media marketing strategy, it is worth thinking very carefully about who is being targeted. There will be people within social networks who may not necessarily be customers, but who nevertheless can have a massive impact on marketing efforts. More than 80 % of that population is made up of â€Å"potential influencers†. It is worth making the effort to identify that these people are in the network and connect with them to attract shares and likes which ultimately help to spread brand name. One website which is excellent for identifying these people is Klout. Klout gives social networkers a score out of 100, which indicates how influential an individual is over their network while also identifying who the broadcasters and influencers are within that network. The purpose of the whole research process is to find out how companies use social media based on a stati stic view. Research Methodology There were 199 survey attendants given the questionnaires. The questionnaire was divided into 12 parts and each part had 3-13 questions. The questionnaires contained questions such as how companies use social media to provide customer services, marketing research, and improve the public relation with supplier or partners. We will use the information provided by the survey respondents to combine what we learned from statistics class, which included but not limited to probability from chapter 5, estimation and confidence intervals from chapter 9, one sample and two- sample test of hypothesis from chapter 10 and 11; simple linear regression and correlation which is from chapter 14, and Chi-square test. This research is based on the sets of data that were collected from Survey Monkey, collected by Survey Monkey Survey System. Survey Monkey is a company that provides platforms for those who need information for any legal purpose such as market research, education, and customer satisfaction. There are three steps to complete a survey. The surveyors usually design the surveys based on the purpose of their organizational behavior, and then they would distribute the survey to their targeted population such as customers or students; finally, they would use mathematic tools to analyze the data that was collected from the surveys. In this research paper I would like to represent some data graphs that we learned from the statistics class (Survey Monkey, 2013). First, we will show a pie chart of the gender information about the survey respondents. Table 1: What is your gender? The sample population of this survey consists of 103 (51.26%) participants who were male, while 78 (39.20%) participants were female, and 19 (9.55%) participants did not select their gender. (See table below) Among all the survey respondents, 24.12% of them were 18-24 years old, total 48 respondents; 51.76% were 25-34 years old, total 103 respondents, 6.53% were 35-44 years old, total 13 respondents, 6.53% were 45-54 years old, total 13 respondents also. Only 5 respondents (2.51%)are 55-64 years old, 0 (0%) respondents are 65-75 years old, and 17 (8.54%) participants didn’t answer this question. (See table below) Table 2: How old are you? Regarding the working experience, 39(19.6%) out of 199 respondents (100%) chose â€Å"less than 1 year†, 89 respondents (44.7%) chose â€Å"1-5 years†, 11 of them (5.5%) chose â€Å"5-10 years†, 23 respondents (11.6%) chose â€Å"more than 10 years†, and 23 respondents (11.6%) didn’t answer this question. (See Table 3 below) Table 3: How many years have you worked in company? Table 4: How dose your company use social media? Since gender, age and working experience are dependent variables that describe how company used social media. In table 4, there were 28(14%) of respondents use social media extremely likely, 31(15%) respondents use social media very likely, 61 (30%) used social media moderately likely, 39(19%) respondents used social medias slightly likely, 31(15%) participants did not use social media very likely, and 19(9%) respondents did not use social medina at all, and 24(12%) respondents chose â€Å"don’t know†. (See Table 4 below) Table5: Relationship between companies founded years and how long does company use social media? Base on this table we can tell that the relationship between the companies founded date and the year they began using social media. Normally, The Company began using social media for 1-2 years when the company founded 1-5years, the rate of possibility is 3/179; the company founded 5-10 years and they used social media for 2-4years, the rate of possibility is 4/179. ] The company uses 4-6years social media when the company founded 10-15years, the rate of possibility is 8/179; finally, the company used social media above 6 years when the company founded more than 20 years, the rate of possibility is 22/179. Data Result and Analysis Descriptive Statistic To help explain descriptive statistics, we will use the total number of How long has the companies begun using social media, and based on the description above, we will demonstrate that how likely is the companies going to adopt new social media applications in the next 12 months. (See table below) Descriptive statistics can include graphical summaries that show the spread of the data, and numerical summaries that either measures the central tendency (a typical data value) of a data set or that describes the spread of the data (Gerald, 2011). There are five different tests including â€Å"Hypothesis (one sample)†, â€Å"Hypothesis (two sample)†, â€Å"F-test†, â€Å"Regression†, and â€Å"ANOVA (multiple sample)† that we used in data result and analysis to illustrate the relationship among different data. I. Hypothesis (One Sample) Question background is permitting employees to use mobile applications to interact with customers. We hypothesize that respondents would largely use mobile applications of social media to interact with customers at 4 of 5 scales. In order to prove our hypothesis we use one sample hypothesis method. We hypothesize the null is at 4 scale of 5, and we use 95% as the confident level, so the alpha is 5%. Because we know the sample mean (S), so we choose the T test. To perform the test, please see Table 8 below. To conclude that because the P (T=t)= 0.00019813, and it less than 5%, so we should reject the null which means the employees use the mobile application such as social media to interact with customers is less than 4-scale. II. Hypothesis (Two Sample) Background question is how social media used for company awareness and PR purpose. In order to prove our hypothesis that two industries use social media at the same frequency we use two sample hypothesis methods. We hypothesize that the permitting employees to use mobile applications to interact with customers is equal to the employees who use the Internet tools. And we know the sample mean (S) so we also use the T test. To perform the test: (See Table below) Conclusion: Because the P (T=t)=2.08, and it larger than 0.05, so we choose the accept the null, which means the retail industry and business service industry used social media for PR purpose at the same frequency. III. F- Test Background question is to market and operate our business, our organization has done the following activities: 3.1. Permitting employees to use their creative ideas to facilitate business 3.2. Permitting employees to use Internet tools to interact with each other The F-test is designed to test if two population variances are equal; in order to prove our hypothesis we use two sample hypothesis methods as well. It does this by comparing the ratio of two variances. So, if the variances are equal, the ratio of the variances will be 1. We hypothesis the permitting that to market and operate our business, our organization has done the following activities, permitting employees to use their creative ideas to facilitate business. We use F-Test two-sample for variances firstly, and then we will use T-Test two-sample assuming equal variances to perform the test. (See Table 10 below) Permitting employees to use internet tools to interact with each other| Mean| 3.755102041| 3.888324873| Variance| 1.867922554| 1.579301771| Observations| 196| 197| df| 195| 196| F| 1.182752142| 　| P (F=f) one-tail| 0.120713955| 　| F Critical one-tail| 1.265936455| 　| Because the P- value equal to 0.120713955, so we use equal variance and t -test to test sample means. To perform the t-test, please see Table 11 below. Permitting employees to use internet tools to interact with each other| | Mean| 3.755102041| 3.888324873| Variance| 1.867922554| 1.579301771| Observations| 196| 197| Pooled Variance| 1.723243082| 　| Hypothesized Mean Difference| 0| 　| df| 391| 　| T Stat| -1.005935799| 　| P (T=t) one-tail| 0.157534284| 　| T Critical one-tail| 1.648760041| 　| P (T=t) two-tail| 0.315068568| 　| T Critical two-tail| 1.966049679| 　| Because the P (T=t)=0,155490816, and it larger than 0.05, so the conclusion is we choose to accept the null, which means the permitting employees to use mobile applications to interact with customers is equal the employees who use the Internet tools. IV. Regression Background questions are following: X:In what year was your company founded? Y1: How long has your company begun using social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, Sina Weibo, QQ, etc.)? Y2: How many employees currently work for your organization? Regression and correlation is a method that we use to find the relationship between dependent variables (Ys) and independent variables (Xs). From Table 6 we can tell that the p-value of variable X which is â€Å"when the company was founded† is not significant means it is not related to Y1 of â€Å"How many employees currently work for your organization? †, and the p-value of variable Y2 of â€Å"How long has your company begun using social media† is not significant explains that it is related to â€Å"In what year was your company founded?† From the regression analysis table # 6, we can find out that 57.57% of the numbers of employees are explained by when the company was founded. From the regression analysis table # 7, we can find out that 36.1% of the social media uses for companies are expla ined by when the company was founded. Table 12: Table 13: To market and operate our business, our organization uses the Internet for the following activities: V. ANOVA analysis The background questions are below. 5.1. Permitting employees to use Internet tools to interact with customers 5.2. Permitting employees to use Internet tools to interact with each other From Table 14, the P-value for rows indicates three different activities are highly significant, which mean three activities have different means. P- value for column indicates that 200 different respondents are not significant which means 199 different respondents have practiced similar activities. (Table 14 below) Conclusion From this research, we conclude that generally, male uses social media more often than female, it is because male is still the mainstream of the business area; from the survey, we got to know that most of the social media users were very young and had a little working-experience. We surprisingly found out that most companies use social media moderately, to be specific, employees use mobile applications to interact with customers at 4-scale of 5 which means they did not use them extremely likely. We would expect they used them very often. One is within our expectation that the earlier the company founded, the longer period they use social media, most of companies used social media for long time though they did not use them very often which explains than people are willingly trying new technology, however, it takes time for them to form a habit. We also surveyed people to compare the frequency of smartphone application use and Internet use; we found out that people approximately use them half and half. From this result, we can conclude that there are lots of s martphone or tablet technologies grow very rapidly and people can complete their business process through cellphone instead of laptop or desktop that are much more cumbersome to carry. In a word, we can make precise decision process though both survey results and analysis results in the related business. Social media is a blessing technology, which we will rely more in our businesses and daily lives, we will find out more advantage of social media and prove it with data analysis and improve our life quality.

William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

William Shakespeare Essay William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was born in Startford-on-Avon, in the country of Warwick. The third child and first son, William was christened on 26th April, 1564 in the parish chruch. His father, John Shakespeare, was a prosperous businessman. William got his education in a good grammer school. His father’s business failed due to neglect so William could not attend the University. At the age of eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway, the daughter of an old family friend and they had three children. The date of his arrival in London is not known but he was said to have been arrived there around 1592. A theatre company, ‘Lord Chamberlain’s Men’, refounded in 1594, developed into London’s leading company. Shakespeare became an important member in it and this group later got the name, ‘King’s Men’. From 1599, this occupied the Globe Theatre and later in 1608 took over the Blackfriar’s monestry. Shakespearean plays performed here show the change in the stage conditions, having more scenery and lighting effects. Shakespeare, by his Venus and Adonis and Rape of Lucerce, had earned considerable fame in 1594. The revival of classical drama brought about a change in the attitude of noblemen of that time. The theatre began to be attended by and the quality of the plays improved. In 1597, Shakespeare purchased ‘New Place’, an outstanding residential property. After acquiring a lot of property in Stratford, he retired to his house ih New Place. His career as a dramatist was over and The Tempest was his last play, written in 1611. On 23rd April, 1616, Shakespeare died and was buried in the altar of Stratford Church. As You Like It is a pastoral comedy by William Shakespeare believed to have been written in 1599 or early 1600 and first published in the First Folio, 1623. The plays first performance is uncertain, though a performance at Wilton House in 1603 has been suggested as a possibility. The play remains a favourite among audiences and has been adapted for radio, film, and musical theatre. Plot Development The plot of As You Like It is complex and comprises of a number of interweaving plots. The inter-linking of plots has been done beautifully by Shakespeare. The characters have been fashioned and fit into incidents. ‘ As You Like It’ follows its heroine Rosalind as she flees persecution in her uncles court, accompanied by her cousin Celia and Touchstone the court jester, to find safety and eventually, love, in the Forest of Arden. The play features one of Shakespeares most famous and oft-quoted speeches, All the worlds a stage, and is the origin of the phrase too much of a good thing. Themes Envy, Hatered,Jealousy,Conceit The theme of envy, hatred, jealousy and conceit has been brought by Shakespeare with the help of Oliver and Duke Frederick. Oliver is envoius of his brother Orlando because although he treats him like a rustic he has all the good qualties in him which eclipse the qualities of Oliver. It is because he is jealous of Orlando, he hates him and tries to kill him. In the same way Duke Frederick is jealous of the popularity of Duke Senior and Rosalind. When he comes to know that it is because of Rosalind that the qualities of Celia are hidden, he decides to banish her as well. He had only kept Rosalind back because Celia could not stay without her. Loyalty,Love,Devotion Adam is loyal to Orlando and loves him because he reminds him of Sir Rowland de Boys. He saves Orlando’s life by helping him escape from the trap laid by Oliver to take his life. Adam also offers Orlando his life savings and his service although he is very old. Duke Senior also has some followers who willingly follow the Duke to banishment. Love and devotion is also seen in Celia for Roslind as they ecape to the forest of Arden together. They are inseperable like the Juno’s swans. Rosalind is in love with Orlando when he bravely defeats Charles the prized wrestler of the Duke. She gives him her necklace. A shepard named Silivius has also fallen in love with Phebe. Another love-story of Touchstone and Audrey is also taking place. It is anti-romantic story and although Touchstone wants to marry Audrey, he does not want it to be a life-long bond. Background of the Poet Vikram Seth is an Indian novelist and poet. He has written several novel and poetry books. He has also received several awards including Padma Shri, Pravasi Bharatiya Samman, WH Smith Literary Award and Crossword Book Award. Seth was born on 20 June 1952 in a Punjabi family to Leila and Prem Seth in Calcutta (now Kolkata). Seth spent part of his youth in London but returned to his homeland in 1957. He received primary education at Welham Boys School and then moved to The Doon School. After commencing secondary education at The Doon School in India, Seth returned to England to Tonbridge School. Having lived in London for many years, Seth now maintains residences near Salisbury, England, where he is a participant in local literary and cultural events, having bought and renovated the house of the Anglican poet George Herbert in 1996 and in Delhi, where he lives with his parents and keeps his extensive library and papers. Structure of the Poem The Frog and the Nightingale is a fable in the form of a poem. A fable is narrative, not longer than a short story and has a moral. This poem has animals as its main characters. In this poem the poet has adapted features of modern poetry in following the pattern mixed metre and free verse. However to add the flavor of a ballad, a conscious effort has been made to keep it close to the common speech. The poem follows the iambic meter and regular rhyme immediately following the lines rhyming together. The last word of each line rhymes with the last word of the next line. Mostly the lines are hexasyllabic with variations of one syllable. Theme and Summary of the Poem The poem, The Frog and the Nightingale is a powerful example of how people are deceived by others because of the wrong self-image and the lack of moral courage. Generally, people build their self-image on what others think of them. They do not have the moral courage to see through their strengths and weaknesses, and thus they fall into traps of selfish people. There are many people who use other people to fullfil their selfish motives. The poet wants to convey the message that we need to realise our potential, have self-confidence and judgement of character so that we do not become victims of the crafty and hypocritical world. The poem begins with the frog croaking all day long at the Bingle Bog, under the sumac tree. Although the other creatures hated his singing, they had no choice because the frog was to determined to display his hearts elation. One night a nightingale arrived and enchanted everyone withher melodious voice. Everyone cheered the nightingale and she sang all night long. The following night when the nightingale was getting ready to sing the frog came to her and criticised the song as if he was a very good singer. The frog promised to train the nightingale but would charge a reasonable fee. He made nightingale sing continuously for six hours, not caring whether it is raining or not. He charged fee to everyone who came to sing the nightingale sing and thus she became very famous. The frog used to watch all the audience with joy both sweet and bitter. The frog used to scold her and she grew more morose. Her voice was losing its charm and thus people stopped to listen to her singing. Once, during a performance, the frog began to shout on her asked her to puff up and sing properly. Th nightingale puffed up ,burst a vein and died on the spot. The frog got back his position and continued to sing and display his hearta elation.

Five Forces Analyses Of Fulham Football Club Marketing Essay

Five Forces Analyses Of Fulham Football Club Marketing Essay If existing competition is interpreted as simply emanating from other Premiership football clubs, then it is unlikely that customers will shift their support en masse to a competitor, such as London neighbours Chelsea FC. Despite the fact that some fans do attend both grounds, football is one of those products, where, what Brassington and Pettit term competitive marketing, in which promotion deliberately compares products (i.e. a BMW with a Mercedes) is inapplicable. (Brassington and Pettit 2005: p.306) Threat of New Market Entrants Similar considerations as above apply in this respect. There have been instances of new entrants competing for local market share, such as the case of MK Dons and Wimbledon AFC. However, that situation arose out of a particular set of circumstances, (i.e. control of business premises) rather than a straightforward competitive proposition. Power of Suppliers In common with all other UK businesses, Fulham FC will enter a new and more hostile environment in January 2011, when the VAT rate rises to 20 per cent. Fulham will also have to contend with inflation in its business-to-business transactions, i.e. those with building contractors, caterers, transport and hospitality service providers, insurers, utilities providers, communications and administrative contractors, security providers, and the police service. However, the Clubs principle suppliers are its contracted players and there is little to suggest that they are prepared to reduce their fees, rather player wages increase year on year. Bargaining Power of Buyers This could be a major threat to Fulham FC, in the short, medium and long term. As discussed above, the impending introduction of VAT must be regarded as exerting a downward pressure on consumer demand. Although it only represents a  £0.50p increase on a  £20 ticket, the real effect of the rise upon actual consumer demand should be viewed holistically. Fulham supporters will be paying 2.5 per cent more for all of their discretionary living expenses, with a commensurate reduction in their disposable income. If buyers (supporters) stop coming to games Fulham FC will be forced to reduce prices. Threat of Substitute Products A major consideration for Fulham FC, substitutes from outside of football may become significant, especially if alternative sports and leisure offerings were available at a competitive price. This should be considered a proportionate rather than total threat; if, for example, a percentage of football supporters switched to an attractive new product, such as basketball, ice hockey, speedway, or similar, it could impact negatively on club revenues, rather than eliminating them. 1b The Major Points for Consideration for Success in the Football Industry? It may be argued that the most important point for consideration in the success of a football business is liquidity and/or capitalization. It is definitely the case that the best-financed clubs often have the most realistic prospects of winning major trophies. In recent years such investment has become associated with the chairmanship of super-rich entrepreneurs such as Abramovich at Chelsea, and Fayed at Fulham. The latters support of the club even included the opening of a concessionary outlet on the fifth floor of his Harrods store in Knightsbridge. (Brennan et al. 2003: p.229) However, as the Financial Times indicates, dependence upon a wealthy benefactor implies contingent risks, especially if supporters are expected to replace such capitalization on the departure of the former. (Kavanagh 2010) In May 2010, Fayed sold the Harrods store to Qatar Holdings for a reported  £1.5 billion. (Arnold and Rigby 2010) Earlier meetings between Fayed and Lakshmi Mittal prompted speculation that a sale of the heavily indebted Fulham club was immanent. (Smith 2005) The important point here is that, as elsewhere, Fayeds capitalization of the club is secured through debt, a liability which would remain, should he depart. (Buhler and Nufer 2010: p.9) 2 The cost of Premiership players is constantly increasing and yet Fulham must continue to purchase strong international players if it is to continually improve. Fulhams wage/turnover ration is reputed to be around 120 per cent for the 2000 season. In what areas should Fulham Football Club focus its revenue generation activities so that it covers its costs in the longer term? Brennan et al point out; the rationale of footballs primary consumers (i.e. ticket-buying supporters) cannot be analyzed through conventional marketing considerations, since consumption of football is mediated through a variety of non-commercial criteria. Moreover, since the core product is the game itself, Fulham cannot avoid investment in the requisite skills base. (Brennan et al 2003: p.229) Since the Club cannot capitalize its skills-base (i.e. playing and managerial staff) to the extent of the top Premiership clubs, it must pursue the CRM (customer relationship marketing) strategy already adopted. As Brennan et al. express it, †¦since marketers cannot influence the outcome of the game†¦emphasis should be placed upon†¦an offering that†¦extends to an overall package built around the game. (Brennan et al. 2003: p.230) However, as Hooley et al. indicate, effective marketing and segmentation can only succeed if there are commercially significant differences within the customer base. (Hooley et al. 2004: p.271) It cannot be assumed that Fulhams 1999 market research based on an 800-strong participant sample provides enough data about these. (Brennan et al. 2004: p.232). It should therefore commission contemporary market research within a larger sample, i.e. at least 5,000 participants or 25 per cent of aggregate attendance. This data should then be use to Concentrate on developing a CRM (customer relationship marketing) approach with existing customers, through personalized e-commerce, loyalty and reward schemes etc. Their continued support will secure a stable income in the long term, and this is vital, even if it is at a reduced level. As Christopher et al. indicate, in mature markets featuring intensifying competition, existing customers imply less costs and are therefore more profitable to sell to. (Christopher et al. 2002: p.46) Hasten the development of its youth academy output and attempt, wherever possible, to engineer advantageous contractual conditions with players. This could also be used to enhance Fulhams Corporate Responsibility profile, in support of a cause-related marketing approach. (Pringle and Thompson 1999: p.xix) Continue to develop the Fulham Business Club as a means of partnership and investment with local and national businesses. As the Club states The objectives of the business club are straightforward to provide a framework for Fulham supporters in business to come together on a social and informal basis. (Fulham FC 2010) This should nurture what Buhler and Nufer term an industrial marketing perspective, †¦concentrated towards strong, lasting relationships. (Buhler and Nufer 2010: p.22) Concentrate on diversification essential to club revenues, as Brennan et al indicate. (2003: p.236) Since 2009, Fulham FC has been in partnership with Fenway Sports Group, owners of the Boston Red Sox baseball team. This pairing was regarded by many as unorthodox; the Red Sox are a leading US baseball side, whilst Fulham, although in the Premiership, cannot be regarded as falling into the equivalent category in English football. This stands in contrast to the earlier partnership between Manchester United and the New York Yankees. However, a spokesman for the Boston team asserted that Craven Cottage is 150 years old and Fenway Park is almost 100 years old. Both clubs have strong heritage and strong local ties in the cities in which they play. (Garrahan 2009) The arrangement allows Fenway to benefit from the growing American interest in the English Premier League; it has even been suggested that Premiership games could be played in Boston. Meanwhile, Fulham benefits from Fenways established marketing of sports in the US, a largely virgin market in comparison to UK/Europe. The important point here is that this partnership could yield valuable new market shares in the US if the Fulham/Fenway partnership succeeds, increasing revenue and profitability accordingly. 3 Fulham has a relatively low fan base and a ground capacity that is currently hindered by the need to obtain planning permission approval. How important are the fans in the generation of revenue? Why couldnt Fulham simply focus on television spectatorship? Fulhams ground capacity is low by Premiership standards, with a 25,700 capacity, including provision for 6.500 away fans. (Fulham 2010) However, an over-reliance on television revenues might expose the Club to a loss of revenue as prices rise. Even before the forthcoming VAT increase, British Sky Broadcasting has raised both the wholesale and retail prices. (Fenton 2010) In addition from January 2011, pay-per-view subscribers will begin to pay VAT at 20 per cent. The precise effects of this are unpredictable, but precedents elsewhere suggest weakening consumer demand e.g. the German Bundesbank calculated that a VAT rise in 1997 depressed domestic private consumption by 0.5 over the succeeding decade. (Unattributed 22.7.10) The important point here is that pay-per-view subscriptions nor match attendance represent a recession-proof source of income. On this basis alone, over-reliance on TV receipts is a risky strategy. Also in football marketing generally, it is not the case as Porter argued that a †¦firm gains competitive advantage by performing strategically important activities more cheaply or better than its competitors. (Christopher et al. 2002: p.121) Physical and televised spectatorship cannot be entirely divorced; there is a relationship between the two. Television spectators derive their appreciation and enjoyment of the game partly through the visual and aural stimulus of the crowds behavior at the ground, as well as the uncertainties inherent in the game itself. (Brennan et al. 2003: p.230) Half-empty and quiet grounds, therefore auger badly for the uptake of pay-per-view. It must also be considered that even neutral supporters hold in high appreciation, highly charged grudge-match atmospheres. It must also be remembered that, in the specific business scenario of English Premiership football, increased revenue is not the panacea which the question seems to suggest, since it would not necessarily lead to increased profits. Essentially, Fulham cannot escape the effects of what independent observers term the dysfunctional business model of the English Premier League, in which †¦clubs are continually driven to maximize wages rather than profitability. (Kavanagh 2010) As the Financial Times reports, Premier League wage inflation during the 2008-9 season was 11 per cent; a  £39 million increase in club revenues was dwarfed by a  £132 million rise in total wage costs. At  £1.3 billion, these accounted for 67 per cent of revenues. (Kavanagh 2010) What this means is that increased revenue, whether derived from ticket receipts or TV revenues, would undoubtedly be taken into account by players agents when negotiating future contracts and salaries. Therefore in relative terms, Fulham FC might be no better off. Fulham might also realise profits through marketing the output of its youth academy. However, the professional services group Deloitte reported that transfer expenditure was down 22 per cent to approximately  £350 million in 2010, compared to  £450 million in each of the previous years. Moreover, much of the 2010 total (40 per cent) is accounted for by the  £115 layout of Manchester City. (Blitz 2010) As a Deloitte spokesman put it †¦an absence of new owners and clubs striving to improve their financial balance has diminished the vibrancy of the transfer market. (Blitz 2010) It must also be borne in mind that Premier League rules now limit the overall size of first team squads to 25 players, of whom the overseas contingent must be no greater than 17. (Blitz 2010). To date however has had little impact on the domestic-overseas balance: accountants Grant Thornton reported that only 16 per cent of 2009-10 expenditure was on home-grown players, 20 per cent down on the previous years figures. (Blitz 2010). As one Financial Times commentator puts it Fulham have several advantages over Chelsea their tickets are cheap and easy to get hold of, their ground is picturesque and closer to my house, and their supporters unlike Chelseas thuggish, hyped-up followers are amiable and philosophical. (Rachman 2009) However, as suggested above, it is this exclusivity and character which may limit the scale ability of the brand; if it starts trading down to a wider but less stereotypically Fulham type of fan, its brand equity may be diluted. As Brennan et al. indicate The role of the brand is to act as an important link that brings the club, supporters and potential sponsors together. Building a brand that emphasises values is important to the supporters and other stakeholders alike†¦ (Brennan et al. 2003: p.240) Furthermore, there are inherent dangers in the categorisation of consumers into convenient segments. As Brennan et al. also argue Individualism is becoming increasingly important in society and paramount to ones sense of self†¦ therefore †¦Classifying supporters on the basis of their supposedly homogeneous behaviour may not serve any real purpose. (Brennan et al. 2003: p.236) As discussed above, contemporary market research data must be secured to establish a viable segmenting strategy in contemporary terms. In conclusion Fulham cannot focus solely on television spectatorship as revenue generation is directly linked to the fans, an empty ground will lead to lower Television viewers and lower television viewers means less people likely to become Fulham fans who aspire or wish to watch live games at Craven Cottage, Fulhams home ground, which in turn negatively affects all other revenue generating elements like merchandising etc.

An Inspector Calls :: English Literature

An Inspector Calls' is based in 1912, before the first and second world war, before the sinking of the Titanic and before women had any rights. An Inspector Calls 'An Inspector Calls' is based in 1912, before the first and second world war, before the sinking of the Titanic and before women had any rights. 'An Inspector Calls' was written in 1945, Britain was enduring the final year of The Second World War and the country was united in one community, together they were fighting for Britain. JB Priestley liked what he saw; people were putting aside their class and background and ignored their prejudices in an attempt to help their country. The only problem was Priestley knew after the war, that Britain may return to its previous state. Therefore Priestley wrote a play, based in Edwardian Britain when class mattered and reputation was everything. Priestley set the play in Brumley, an industrial town where, like most places in Britain, the rich and poor rarely met. The only places the two classes became more integrated were the bars where prostitutes and rich men would meet. But these places were another world, a form of escapism for family men yearning for more excitement, they had double standards and these double standards appear throughout the play. The story is about the Birling family and their involvement with a young woman who tragically committed suicide, each member of the family had their own input to her downward spiral, and it started with Mr Birling. 'A man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own..' and it is with that there is knock at the door. Inspector Goole enters the Birling household (and in my opinion acting as Priestley's alter-ego), causing unrest amongst some of them and no affect on others. The mood changes from a happy, celebratory atmosphere to a tense and mysterious one. Maybe this could be shown in a change of lighting, being more intense as apposed to before when the family were rejoicing the fact of their daughter's engagement. When the inspector begins to interrogate Mr Birling he refuses to accept any responsibility for Eva Smith's death, he gives no thought to his actions and this is obvious as he shows relatively little remorse or guilt. However, Mr Birling has an honest approach to life, not ashamed by his refusal to give Eva Smith a raise 'I refused of course,' and seems surprised why anyone would query his actions. Money in this era was a precious thing and all Eva Smith was to Mr Birling was a problem, which must be rid off immediately, especially since it could

Solar Power Essay example -- science

Solar Power All life on Earth depends on energy from the sun. Solar energy is the source of energy for photosynthesis. It provides the warmth necessary for plants and animals to survive. The heat from the sun causes water on the Earth's surface to evaporate and form clouds that eventually provide fresh rainwater. Solar energy is the result of thermonuclear fusion reactions deep within the sun. These reactions produce so much energy that they keep the surface temperature of the sun at about 10,300B0F. Even though solar energy is the largest source of energy received by the Earth, its intensity at the Earth's surface is actually very low due to the large distance between the Earth and the sun and the fact that the Earth's atmosphere absorbs and scatters some of the radiation. Even on a clear day with the sun directly overhead, the energy that reaches the Earth's surface is reduced about 30 percent by the atmosphere. When the sun is near the horizon and the sky is overcast, the solar energy at ground level can be negligible. It also varies from one point to another on the Earth's surface. Nevertheless, in the 20th century, the sun's energy has become an increasingly attractive source for small amounts of direct power to meet human needs. A number of devices for collecting solar energy and converting it into electricity have been developed, and solar energy is used in a variety of ways. Solar energy is used to heat houses, and in many countries specially designed solar... Solar Power Essay example -- science Solar Power All life on Earth depends on energy from the sun. Solar energy is the source of energy for photosynthesis. It provides the warmth necessary for plants and animals to survive. The heat from the sun causes water on the Earth's surface to evaporate and form clouds that eventually provide fresh rainwater. Solar energy is the result of thermonuclear fusion reactions deep within the sun. These reactions produce so much energy that they keep the surface temperature of the sun at about 10,300B0F. Even though solar energy is the largest source of energy received by the Earth, its intensity at the Earth's surface is actually very low due to the large distance between the Earth and the sun and the fact that the Earth's atmosphere absorbs and scatters some of the radiation. Even on a clear day with the sun directly overhead, the energy that reaches the Earth's surface is reduced about 30 percent by the atmosphere. When the sun is near the horizon and the sky is overcast, the solar energy at ground level can be negligible. It also varies from one point to another on the Earth's surface. Nevertheless, in the 20th century, the sun's energy has become an increasingly attractive source for small amounts of direct power to meet human needs. A number of devices for collecting solar energy and converting it into electricity have been developed, and solar energy is used in a variety of ways. Solar energy is used to heat houses, and in many countries specially designed solar...

Portayal of the King in Shakespeares Tragedy of Hamlet Essay -- Willi

Analysis of Shakespeare During Elizabethan times, the survival and longevity of the king or queen was essential for the subjects of the kingdom. The monarchy unified the kingdom, saw to its prosperity, and protected its subjects from foreign invasion. The king was the most important person within the kingdom and without him the kingdom would collapse. Shakespeare echoes this thought back to his audience in The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Act 3, Scene3, lines 11 through 23 through a passage recited by Rosencrantz. In lines 1 through 7, King Claudius is ordering Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to take the now-deemed-mad Hamlet to England. King Claudius fears for his kingdom and his own life having viewed the re-enactment of Claudis's actions in murdering Prince Hamlet's father, depicting how Claudius came to occupy the throne by marrying Queen Gertrude, his brother's wife in the play "The Mousetrap." King Claudius is requesting that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern remove Prince Hamlet from the castle and the kingdom to keep Claudius out of harm's way. In lines 11-23, Rosencrantz replies to King Claudius's statement, affirming the King's reasoning as to why Prince Hamlet should be removed from the kingdom. This is the passage in its entirety. The single and peculiar life is bound With all the strength and armour of the mind To keep itself from noyance; but much more That spirit upon whose weal depends and rests The lives of many. The cease of majesty Dies not alone, but like a gulf doth draw What's near it with it. It is a massy wheel Fixed on the summit of the highest mount, To whose huge spokes ten thousand lesser thing... ...speare has written the play in such a way that the immediate successors to the throne, Queen Gertrude and Prince Hamlet are both murdered leaving no rightful heir for Denmark. Shakespeare provides no further explanation about the outcome of the kingdom beyond Hamlet's death other than that of Fortinbras, the Prince of Norway, takes the throne. As an audience we are left with questions. Do Rosencrantz's prophecies come to pass? Does the Kingdom of Denmark fall apart with the sound of a groan or does the kingdom sigh in response to the simple matter of power exchanging hands? The answers are as silent as the ghosts of Denmark. Works Cited Shakespear, William. "The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark." The Norton Shakespeare Based on the Oxford Edition. Eds. Greenblatt, Stephen, Walter Cohen, Jean E. Howard, Katharine Eisaman Maus. New York: W. W. Norton, (1997).

Stuff Happens by David Hare

Stuff Happens is a play by David Hare, written in response to the Iraq war during the Bush administration. It talks about the events that led to the war on Iraq in 2003, which spans from George Bush’s election in 2000 up till his stepping down from office in 2008. The title is inspired by Donald Rumsfeld’s response to journalists about the looting happening in Baghdad where he replied â€Å"Stuff Happens†. The writer already states in the authors note that it is â€Å"knowingly true† but he had to use his imagination in parts that were not covered especially when the politicians were behind closed doors. The Bush war cabinet, which is made up of Bush, Condoleezza Rice, Paul Wolfowitz, Colin Powell, George Tenet, Dick Cheney mad Donald Rumsfeld is made of fantasists who want to attack Iraq except Colin Powell who is a stern realist. When there is a showdown with Bush Powell puts the point, which comes to no avail that war should be seen as a last resort were diplomacy has not worked. Here he points out the hypocrisy of Americans where he asks, â€Å"people keep asking of Saddam†, â€Å"how do we know he’s got weapons of mass destruction? How do we know? Because we’ve still got the receipts. † Here in this particular scene Powell speaks his mind to the president where he points out hypocrisy by saying that they used to trade with Saddam not long ago and now they want to go to war with him. Also an example of power of leadership is shown but in a very indirect way when Bush summons Powell to the Oval office. Here Bush asks for Powell’s permission to go to war and then Powell replies he does not disagree with the idea but after he leaves he says he didn’t need Powell’s permission. This shows that no matter the situation and even if Powell had said no the president had already made his decision. It seems in way that Bush is sometimes abusing his power to gain the upper hand of people and not a lot of people would disagree with the President of the United States of America. As for political maneuvering, this is shown as Rumsfeld telling the press indirectly that they don’t need the British and there is also a bit of deception, as he has no sense of regret in his words. Finally a very strong point of society’s perception of the events is given by an Iraqi exile at the end of the book. The Iraqi even admits to hating Saddam Hussein by saying â€Å"I even longed for the fall of the dictator†, but the comment that Donald Rumsfeld totally changed his perception of things. He shows this by bringing up the way the Americans who died are counted and given an honorary ceremony but the Iraqi’s are unaccounted for. This shows how the war was totally unfair and that they considered the Iraqis not to be human. The Iraqi exile then solidifies everything by the last words he says where people say to him, â€Å"look tell America†, and he replies by saying â€Å"you are putting your faith in the wrong person. Don’t expect America or anybody will do it for you. If you don’t do it yourself, this is what you get. † What this is saying is that even if people think America is like the world body they should expect that America could turn their backs on them anytime and that if you put your faith in them you will be disappointed.

The Effect of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment: Insight Into Devaraj Agency

ADP FALL 2011 ID 49801 overageder Project Man successionment Ms. Linda Title The deed of art mirth on organisational load Insight into Devaraj maculation VIJAY MUTHU raja A/L ANNAVI SCSJ-0005836 Table of limit No Description Page 1 Objective 1 2 methodological analysis 2 3 Introduction 3 4 Literature Review 4-6 5 Findings 7-19 6 Result of the conclusions 20-21 7 limitation 22 8 Recommendation 23 9 shutdown 24 10 Reference 25 11 addendum 26-28 Objective The objective of this project is to retrieve the family amid excogitate gratification and organisational shipment among blushfulress doers in Devaraj Agency.The concent score on of this field of honor is to analyze the superior general behavior of amends cistrons towards subcontract propitiation, which may build steeper directs of administrational dedication. This resume is done base on Herzbergs two- constituent theory and to a greater extent specific completelyy, on Motivators factor. The run acrossings of this project will help elbow room conductor to under substantiate the watercourse take aim of seam comfort and organisational allegiance of doers towards their bearing. Besides that, suggestions as head as will be disposed based on the aftermath of the findings.If the cheer take and organisational loyalty of indemnification agents is emit and then umteen suggestion will be given(p) to sort come on the caper. If it is separatewise, suggestion will be to maintain or correct gain the line of credit contentment and make-upal consignment of the agents. By this, the confidence manager signs suggestions to solve occupation triumph and organisational commission problem if any(prenominal) or to improve them further. Methodology Numerous of methods argon to be intaked to identify the line of merchandise joy and organisational loading of the agents. The method be as fol downcasted SurveyA play along was done with damages policy agents from Devaraj Agency. The purpose of this fall out is to find out the up-to-date take aim of antic felicity and organisational fealty of the policy agents. The muckle would had 56 questions connect to hire out pleasure and organisational dedication. oppugns An Interview has been held with deputation manager and few indemnification agents. The purpose of interviewing effect manager is to disturb in constituteation nearly the human resourcefulness strategy, yearbook turnoer rate and his lore on agents phone line contentment and organisational shipment.External sources The outdoor(a) sources were employ in this investigate. The external sources were net income and printed materials. These materials were genuinely useful in doing books review about business concern happiness, organisational loyalty and the kind of them. Introduction Devaraj Agency is one of the antiquatedest Indian insurance agencies in ING Company. The main role of this post is to parcel out the insurance as closely as investment products of ING Bhd done direct change techniques. Up to now, 100 over mess sounding as insurance agents in this agency.However, t present was no attempt has been interpreted to flier the duty contentment and organisational freight of the agents in this agency. business organization delight means a pleasurable or corroborative emotional state dissolventing from the approximation of ones craft or employment experiences. (Locke, 1976). mark to doorkeeper (1968), government activityal lading is a willingness of employees to exert spicy levels of political campaign on behalf of the organization, a slopped bank to endure in the organization, and an word meaning of the organizations psychoanalyze goals and values.It is essential for Devaraj Agency to learn about profession blessedness and organizational load of its insurance agents because if agents satisfy with their antic, they will see extra vagantly committedness on their agency and that transubstantiate into richly vocation surgical operation and pocket-size absenteeism. Literature review Job satisfaction and organizational fealty achieve colossal attention from industrial and organizational psychologists, caution scientists, and sociologists. Three thousand studies had been done on subcontract satisfaction alone by the time Locke prep ard his study tight 20 geezerhood ago (Locke, 1976).The touch on of analyzing farm out satisfaction and organizational put upload stems from the concern of the behavioral consequences that hypothesized aftermath in channel satisfaction and/or organizational lading. Among new(prenominal) topics, communication channel satisfaction and/or organizational commitment squander been shown or argued to be tie in to productivity, attendance at lick, disturbance, retirement, participation, labor militancy, sympathy for unions, and mental drug withdrawal from recreate. Jo b Satisfaction tally to Locke (1976, p. 300), undertaking satisfaction is a pleasurable or confident(p) emotional state resulting from the judgement of ones job or job experiences. at that place atomic number 18 galore(postnominal) researchers effect that Herzbergs Two-factor motivation system is connect with employees job satisfaction when obligate intrinsic motivator (Ces ar and Sadri, 2003Hellriegel and Slocum, 1998 Slocum and Helliegel, 2009). The intrinsic or motivator factors consist of responsibility, wisdom, advancement, achievement, and prevail itself (Slocum and Helliegel, 2009 Furnham et al. , 2009). inwrought motivator factor is one of the variables that use to find out the imperious birth with job satisfaction (Bhuian and Mengue, 2002). Shaffer et al. (2000) suggested that the satisfaction of take on itself relate with job satisfaction plot see job satisfactions itself as an private enthrals on their job which is truly unt aged(prenominal) relat ed to on the classification of spirit of incline itself (Pool and Pool, 2006 Couger, 1988 cited in Thatcher, et al. , 2002). Besides this, Herzberg verbalize in his two factors theory that on that point atomic number 18 two categorizes of motives for the employees known as satisfiers and dissatisfiers.He related intrinsic factors with job satisfaction and extrinsic factors with dissatisfaction (Gagne, 200 Sarmad, 2007). organizational commission Organizational commitment has been delineate more pragmatically by Porter (1968), who h hoarys that it consists of a willingness of employees to exert eminent levels of effort on behalf of the organization, a strong desire to persist in in the organization, and an acceptance of the organizations major goals and values. Organizational commitment of the employees has been measured in several varied ways and it has been related with many job related variables. allen & Meyer (1990) developed a measure of organizational commitment with three major components Affective component of organizational commitment refers to employees emotional attachment, identification and involvement in the organization the Continuance component refers to commitment based on the costs that employees correspond with exit the organization and Normative commitment reflects an employees finding of contract to tarry with the organization. Link amid job satisfaction and organizational shipment Job satisfaction has been associated with organizational commitment (Boles, et al. 2007 Pool and Pool, 2007 brownness and Peterson, 1993), which is broadly defined as the psychological bond amid slew and organizations (Buchanan 1974 Tett and Meyer, 1993). The study of Klaus, et al. , (2003) found that there is an effect of meet challenging (intrinsic motivation) as a rick nature, which can come to on emotive organizational commitment. According to Steinhaus & Perry (1996) act and wellspring-off employees atomic number 18 un exchangea blely to indicate low performance and be normally highly productive who identify with organizational goals and organizational values (Churchill et al. , (1993).Similarly, if employees be highly fulfill with their flirt, advance gets and that derive high level of boilers suit job satisfaction with their jobs they atomic number 18 more exchangeablely to be committed to the organization than if they atomic number 18 non quelled. The focus on this concept was non over stated because job satisfaction and commitment atomic number 18 primary determinants of employee turnover, performance, and productivity (Opkara, 2004). Beside that, Balfour and Wechsler (1996) pointed out that general organizational commitment is an fascinate and significant aspect to focus for organizational productivity and performance.Ayeni and Phopoola (2007) also start found that there is a strong affinity between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. According to them Job satisfaction is close toly determine how well the organization meets employees expectations. According to Cote & Heslin (2003). Findings The job satisfaction and organizational commitment flock has been done with the insurance agents in two weekly shocks held in ING Damansara office and ING Klang office. All insurance agents attended the meeting participated in this survey.In pith, the survey form had 47 questions including three demographic questions. It was divided into three fragments. The first-class honours degree section was contained 36 questions about job satisfaction. The second section contained 8 questions about organizational commitment. The third section contained 3 questions about demographic. All questions of job satisfaction in this survey were master keyly derived from the job satisfaction survey form developed by capital of Minnesota E. Spector. The survey form contained 36 questions of twain motivator and hygiene factor.The questions related to motivator factor w arg on given ut about importance in this survey studyd to the questions of hygiene factors because motivator factor leads to job satisfaction but hygiene factor does non and it leads to job dissatisfaction. The question human action 2,5,8,11,14,17,19,20,24,27,31,32,33 and 35 in the survey had been identified as motivator factor related questions time the other questions were related to hygiene factor. The rate home base used for job satisfaction survey was a 6-point outstrip which ranging from take issues truly frequently to discipline rattling some(prenominal).The survey questions of organizational commitment were taken from the affective commitment related questions in Allen and Meyers Organizational Commitment Scale. Allen and Meyers organizational commitment scale original 7 point scale has been circumscribed in this survey to 6 points scales by removing neither consent or disaccord option. It is to get more accurate answers from the participants. The limited scale ranging from (1) take issues real(prenominal)(prenominal) some(prenominal) to (6) bear in truth(prenominal) oftentimes. Findings of demographic In total, 56 insurance agents participated in this questionnaire. Out of 56 espondents, 36 responsives were male dapple 20 responders were female. The majority of the answerers participated in this survey were age between 30 to 39 long time archaic. The age of other respondents were 16 respondents were between 20 to 29 years old, 12 respondents were between 40 to 49 years old and 12 respondents were between 50 to 59 years old. The race of participants did non ask in this questionnaire because Deveraj Agency is the Indian agency and all agents should be Indians. legal age of respondents (16 respondents) verbalise their income simulacrum was between RM 4,100 to RM 5,000.The income range of others was 12 respondents was between RM2,100 to RM3,000, 8 respondents was between RM 3,100 to RM4,000, 8 respondents was more than RM 5,000 and 4 respondents was between RM1,000 to RM 2,000. Findings of Job satisfaction on motivator factor The findings of Job satisfaction on motivator factor No resist actually untold Dis condition more or less Dis scoff approximately moderate some retain sluicehandedly guard truly such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) 2 at that place is objurgate amply in any case comminuted chance for promotion on my job. 28 5 3 4 7 9 5 When I do a trustworthy job, I start out the recognition for it that I should percolate. 0 0 0 5 9 42 8 I sometimes savor my job is meaningless. 23 10 0 7 16 0 11 Those who do well on the job leap out a fair chance of macrocosm promoted. 4 7 9 0 5 31 14 I do non touch that the deed I do is appreciated. 16 17 3 18 0 2 17 I corresponding doing the things I do at work. 4 0 0 2 14 36 19 I line up unsung by the organization when I guess about what they give me. 24 10 7 3 8 0 20 peck get beforehand as debased here as they do in other places. 7 0 9 16 19 17 24 I cede withal some(prenominal) to do at work. 6 6 2 22 5 15 27 I line up a smell of self-esteem in doing my job. 0 3 0 0 34 19 31 I feed to a fault a lot root wordwork. 2 11 0 26 9 8 32 I dont timbre my efforts are rewarded the way they should be. 25 12 4 4 5 6 33 I am agreeable with my chances for promotion. 0 0 0 12 10 36 35 My job is wassailable. 0 8 0 3 10 35 The findings of Job satisfaction on motivator factor No rival resist 2 there is rattling in addition comminuted chance for promotion on my job. 34% 66% 5 When I do a good job, I receive the recognition for it that I should receive. 100% 0% 8 I sometimes encounter my job is meaningless. 33% 67% 11 Those who do well on the job stand a fair chance of world promoted. 64% 36% 14 I do non savour that the work I do is appreciated. 36% 64% 17 I like doing the things I do at work. 93% 7% 19 I recover unappreciated by the organization when I thi nk about what they pay me. 27% 73% 20 People get ahead as fast here as they do in other places. 71% 29% 24 I wee likewise some(prenominal) to do at work. 75% 25% 27 I impression a smell out of dress in doing my job. 93% 7% 31 I commit in any case much paperwork. 71% 29% 32 I dont expression my efforts are rewarded the way they should be. 29% 71% 33 I am satisfied with my chances for promotion. 100% 0% 35 My job is choose it awayable. 86% 14% The findings of the line of reasonings that related to motivator factors in the job satisfaction survey as followed 2) in that respect is rattling too little chance for promotion on my job. high pctage of respondents (66 portionage) express resists to the direction if compared to the outlet of respondent give tongue to check off (34 share). The large number of respondents (28 respondents) give tongue to they take issues genuinely much to the didactics. 5) When I do a good job, I receive the recognition for it t hat I should receive.For this command, the 100 per centum of respondents tell that they hit that when they do a good job, they receive the recognition that they should receive. The high(prenominal) number of respondent (42 respondents) say they touch rattling(prenominal) much to the contestation. 8) I sometimes feel my job is meaningless Percentages of respondents (67 portion) disaccord to the instruction, which was high than the voices of respondents tick off (33 per centum). From the 67 percent of respondents verbalize check over, the highest number of respondents (23 respondents) responded as discord very much 11) Those who do well on he job stand a fair chance of being promoted. The percentage of respondent discipline and discord to the tilt was (64 percent) retard and 36 percent of respondent express disagree. So, the percentage of respondents who state agree was higher than the percentage of respondent tell disagree. Most number of respondent (31 res pondent) verbalize that they agree very much to the education. 14) I do not feel that the work I do is appreciated. For this narration, 64 percentage of respondents state that they disagree duration 36 percentage of respondent verbalize agree.So the percentage of respondents who disagree that they do not feel that the work they do is appreciated was higher than the percentage of respondent who agree. 17) I like doing the things I do at work. The majority of respondent in percentage tell they agree that they like the things they do at work were 93 percent. Only 7 percentage of respondent express that they disagree to the statement. Agree very much option received some number of receptions from the respondents (36 answers) if compared to the other four options. 19) I feel unappreciated by the organization when I think about what they pay me.For this banish statement, higher percentage of respondents (73 percent) disagree if compared to the percentage of respondent (27 perc ent) agree. The large number of respondent who tell disagree were disagree very much (24 respondents). 20) People get ahead as fast here as they do in other places. The solution for this positive statement was positive where 71 percent of respondent verbalise agree. The percent of respondent verbalize disagree was 29 percent. The highest number of respondent answered to the statement as they agree moderately and that followed by agree slenderly and agree very much. 4) I reach too much to do at work. For this statement, the percentage of respondents (75 percent)who said, Agree is higher than the percentage of respondents(25 percent) who said, resist. The highest number of respondent (22 respondents) responded as agree moderately. 27) I feel a esthesis of pride in doing my job. The large percentages of respondents (93 percent) said agree to the statement while further small percentages of respondents (7 percent) disagree to the statement. So when compare the result received to the five scales for this statement, the scale agree moderately received highest response. 1) I lead too much paperwork For this electro banish statement, higher percentages of respondent (71 percent) said agree that they have to do too much paperwork. Only lower percentage of respondents (29 percent) said that they disagree to the statement. Most respondent agree to this statement were agree meagerly (26 respondents). 32) I dont feel my efforts are rewarded the way they should be For this statement, higher percentages of respondent disagree to the statement than agree. The percentage of disagree and agree was 71 percent and 29 percent singly.The high response of respondents for disagree was received for disagree very much(26 responses). 33) I am satisfied with my chances for promotion. All responses received for this statement was positive where the percentage of respondents who said agree was 100 percent. None of the participant disagree to this statement. The high response of respondent for agree was received to agree very much(36 respondents) 35) My job is enjoyable. For this statement, the percentage of respondent who agree was (86%) which is far higher than the percentage of respondent (14%) who said disagree.The majority of respondent (35 respondents)who said agree, responded as agree very much. Findings of job satisfaction on hygiene factor The findings of hygiene factor related questions were also included in this paper. This finding was not used in this paper to discuss about job satisfaction because they are not related to job satisfaction but instead they are related to job dissatisfaction. But, this finding was used to identify the job dissatisfaction level of the insurance agent in Devaraj Agency. base on the outcome, recommendation will be given if there are any hygiene factor related problems.The findings of Job satisfaction for hygiene factor No Disagree very much Disagree moderately Disagree slightly Agree slightly Agree moderately A gree very much 1 I feel I am being stipendiary a fair pith for the work I do. 8 0 0 8 8 32 3 My supervisory program is quite competent in doing his/her job. 4 0 5 3 24 20 4 I am not satisfied with the benefits I receive. 30 0 8 14 0 4 6 some of our rules and procedures make doing a good job difficult. 4 12 7 9 14 10 7 I like the commonwealth I work with. 3 0 0 13 8 32 9 communication theory seem good in spite of appearance this organization. 0 0 0 8 8 40 10 Raises are too few and far between. 24 12 0 0 16 4 12 My supervisor is dirty to me. 32 0 12 8 4 0 13 The benefits we receive are as good as approximately other organizations offer. 4 15 0 5 20 12 15 My efforts to do a good job are seldom blocked by red tape. 16 8 8 12 12 0 16 I find I have to work harder at my job because of the incompetence of people I work with. 8 0 0 8 16 24 18 The goals of this organization are not clear to me. 35 4 0 8 7 0 21 My supervisor shows too little inte loosening in the feelings of subordinates. 34 7 2 7 6 0 22 The benefit package we have is equitable. 0 0 14 2 16 20 23 thither are few rewards for those who work here. 3 16 1 27 4 5 25 I enjoy my coworkers. 0 4 0 12 12 28 26 I often feel that I do not know what is going on with the organization. 26 7 3 13 3 4 28 I feel satisfied with my chances for net income increases. 0 4 0 8 12 32 29 there are benefits we do not have which we should have. 8 5 12 14 10 7 30 I like my supervisor. 2 0 0 7 5 42 34 There is too much bustle and scrap at work. 20 13 2 7 3 11 36 Work assignments are not to the full explained. 16 17 4 4 12 3 The findings of Job satisfaction for hygiene factor No Agree Disagree 1 I feel I am being paid a fair amount for the work I do. 48 8 3 My supervisor is quite competent in doing his/her job. 47 9 4 I am not satisfied with the benefits I receive. 18 38 6 umteen of our rules and procedures make doing a good job difficult. 33 23 7 I like the people I work with. 3 52 9 co mmunication theory seem good within this organization. 56 0 10 Raises are too few and far between. 20 36 12 My supervisor is unfair to me. 12 44 13 The benefits we receive are as good as most other organizations offer. 43 13 15 My efforts to do a good job are seldom blocked by red tape. 24 32 16 I find I have to work harder at my job because of the incompetence of people I work with. 38 8 18 The goals of this organization are not clear to me. 15 41 21 My supervisor shows too little inte easing in the feelings of subordinates. 13 43 22 The benefit package we have is equitable. 46 10 23 There are few rewards for those who work here. 36 20 25 I enjoy my coworkers. 52 4 26 I often feel that I do not know what is going on with the organization. 20 36 28 I feel satisfied with my chances for salary increases. 52 4 29 There are benefits we do not have which we should have. 33 23 30 I like my supervisor. 54 2 34 There is too much bickering and engagement at work. 21 35 36 Work assignments are not fully explained. 19 37 Overall, job dissatisfaction of insurance agents in Devaraj Agency is low. The evident is that the respondents responded positively to 22 statements in the hygiene related job satisfaction questionnaire but further for 3 statements they respondent banly. Findings of Organizational Commitment Findings of Organizational Commitment Survey (Affective Commitment) No Disagree very much Disagree moderately Disagree slightly Agree slightly Agree moderately Agree very much 1 It would e very hard for me to extend my agency adept now, even if I cherished to 2 0 5 7 10 32 2 I do not feel any financial obligation to remain with my current employer 24 13 7 0 0 12 3 I would be very happy to spend the rest of my charge with this agency 0 0 4 0 7 45 4 Even if it were to my advantage, I do not feel it would be chastise to conduct my agency now 5 0 3 9 15 24 5 I really feel as if this agencys problems are my own 6 6 0 5 24 15 6 Right now, staying with my agency is a content of necessity as much as desire 0 0 3 12 24 17 7 I do not feel a strong sense of belong to my agency 16 14 4 12 7 3 8 I feel that I have too few options to consider leaving this agency 16 2 0 25 7 8 Findings of Organizational Commitment Survey (Affective Commitment) No Agree Disagree It would be very hard for me to offer my agency respectable now, even if I wanted to 88% 12% 2 I do not feel any obligation to remain with my current employer 21% 79% 3 I would be very happy to spend the rest of my locomote with this agency 93% 7% 4 Even if it were to my advantage, I do not feel it would be right to allow my agency now 68% 32% 5 I really feel as if this agencys problems are my own 79% 21% 6 Right now, staying with my agency is a liaison of necessity as much as desire 95% 5% 7 I do not feel a strong sense of belong to my agency 39% 61% 8 I feel that I have too few options to consider leaving this agency 29 71% For the first question of organizational co mmitment, 88 percent of respondents said that they wound not leave the agency right now even if they wanted but totally 12 percent of respondents said they would.The large amount of respondents (32 respondents) agree very much that they would not leave the agency if they wanted also. The contiguous question was I do not feel any obligation to remain with my current employer. 79 percent of respondents said that they disagree to the statement and said that they do have the feeling of obligation to remain with their current employer. The number of respondents who disagree very much to the statement (24 respondents) was higher than the total number of respondents who said they agree slightly, agree moderately and agree very much. For the statement I would be very happy to spend the rest of my career with this agency, 93 percentage of respondents said agree while 7 percent of respondents said disagree.So, the number of respondents who said agree is higher than the number of respondent s who said disagree. Out of the 93 percentage of respondents, the highest number of respondents (45 respondents) agree very much than agree slightly or agree moderately. The statement Even if it were to my advantage, I do not feel it would be right to leave my agency now received higher number of agree as response than disagree from the participants. The percentage of respondents who said agree and disagree was 68 percent of respondents said agree and 32 percent of respondents said disagree. Most respondents agree moderately and agree very much to the statement.The fifth statement in the organizational commitment questionnaire I really feel as if this agencys problems are my own, 79 percent of respondent said they agree they do feel the agencys problem as their problem while 21 percent of respondents said they do not feel so. Thus, the number of respondent agree to the statement is higher than the respondents who disagree. Similar to the prior statement, most respondents agree mod erately and agree very much to this statement. The next statement was Right now, staying with my agency is a depicted object of necessity as much as desire. For this statement also the majority of respondents said that they agree that staying with this agency is a matter of necessity as much as desire.The percentage of respondent who said agree and disagree was 95 percent of respondents said agree while only 5 percent of respondents said disagree. Of 95 percent of respondents, the largest number of respondents said that they agree moderately and that followed by agree very much and then agree slightly. For the statement I do not feel a strong sense of belonging to my agency, the number of respondents who disagree is higher than the respondents who agree. 39 percent of respondents and 61 percent of respondents said agree and disagree respectively to the statement. The number of respondents disagree very much to the statement. The last statement was I feel that I have too few options to consider leaving this agency.Higher percent of respondent (71 percent of respondents) answered as disagree and said that there are many options available out there to consider if they wanted to leave the agency but 29 percent of respondents said disagree and support the statement. However, most respondents estimable agree slightly to the statement. Findings from interview ground on the interview with Mr Devaraj, the information of the ordinary agents performance, overall agencys performance and turnover rate has been collected. The mean(a) agents performance level from January 2011 to 9 November 2011 was 69 percent. He also said that the major ratifier for the higher average agents performance level was a small number of high performers.Besides that, he said the overall agencys performance was 71 percent. It enabled Deveraj Agency to still hold on the title of top Indian agency in Klang Valley, which it was defending more than 5 consecutive years. Besides that, he said turn over rate of insurance agent was a major problem. The average yearbook turnover was 6 % percent. The major contributor to this turnover was new insurance agent because when they find hard to sell insurance products, they quit the job. The turnover of senior agents was not even 0. 5 percent of annual turnover. Result of the findings The alliance between job satisfaction and organizational commitment has been turn up once again by this research.According to the findings, the job satisfaction of the insurance agents in Devaraj Agency is high. The proof is the result of motivator factor questions in the job satisfaction questionnaire. There was 13 motivator factor related questions in the questionnaire. Out of the 13 questions, for 11 questions the insurance agents responded positively while only for 1 question they responded negatively. authoritative response means the insurance agents agree to the positive statement about job satisfaction and disagree to negative statement. exem plar of positive statement in this job satisfaction questionnaire is I am satisfied with my chances for promotion. The overall response of respondents to this positive statement was positive means they gree to the statement. Negative response means the insurance agents disagree to positive statement and agree to negative statement. vitrine of negative statement in job satisfaction questionnaire that received positive response from respondents was I have too much paperwork. It means the respondent agree to the negative statement. Overall, positive response to the questionnaire is higher than the negative response. It means that insurance agents were highly satisfied with their job. As the respondents responded positively to the job satisfaction questionnaire, the same way they responded positively to organizational commitment questionnaire.In the organizational commitment questionnaire, there were 8 statement related to affective commitment. Out of the 8 statements, the respondents responded positively to all the statements. An example of positive statement and positive response was It would be very hard for me to leave my agency right now, even if I wanted to is the positive statement and the positive response is 85. 7% of respondents said agree to the statement. Similarly, the example of negative statement and negative response is I do not feel any obligation to remain with my current employer was the negative statement and negative response was 78. 6% of respondents said disagree to the statement.The negative statement and negative response shows positive response toward organizational commitment. Based on job satisfaction and organizational commitment questionnaire result, it is turn up that there is a strong relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. So, if job satisfaction of an employee is high, the organizational commitment also high. It is what happened in Devaraj agency the job satisfaction of the insurance agents was high so the organizational commitment also high. collect to the higher organization commitment, the average job performance of the insurance agents was as high as 69% and average agency performance was as high as 87% and turnover rate was as low as 6% low annually.So, the high organizational commitment of an insurance agent will result in higher job performance, higher overall agency performance and lower turnover rate. Limitation There were two limitations in my research. The first limitation was that not all insurance agents in Devaraj Agency have taken the job satisfaction and organizational commitment survey. The survey only have been done with the agents attended the meeting. So the result of the survey could not be guaranteed, as 100% accurate as the views of the insurance agents who did not attend meeting were not taken. The second limitation in my research was that the connection of job satisfaction leads to organizational commitment could not be prove through the help of job satisfaction and organizational commitment questionnaire.But the relationship of job satisfaction and organizational commitment has been proved in a way that if job satisfaction of an employee is high, the organizational commitment is also high and it is otherwise if the job satisfaction is low. Recommendation Recommendations were done based on the problem identified through job satisfaction and organizational commitment questionnaire. 1) Hiring more clerical staff Based on the job satisfaction questionnaire, most insurance agents responded that they have to do too much paperwork. It may affect the agents job satisfaction. So Devaraj Agency should hire more clerical staff to help the insurance agents to do the paperwork. 2) Revise current code of procedureMany respondents said through the questionnaire that they are not happy with their current rules and procedures because they make their job difficult. So, the agency manager should bring this issue to ING management and find ways to solve this problem. Revising current rules and procedure would be ideal solution. 3) instal more monetary benefits Many insurance agents expressed their concern that there are benefits they do not have which they should have. The benefits such as petro adjustment and toll allowance is given to sales people from other company but ING Bhd do not give such benefits to its insurance agents. So Devaraj Agency should bring this issue to ING management. ConclusionThe relationship of job satisfaction and organizational commitment has been proved through literary productions review and from my research on Devaraj Agency. The result showed that there are strong relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Overall, the job satisfaction of insurance agents in Devaraj Agency is high and organizational commitment is also high. There was also relationship between organizational commitment and job performance, turnover rate and agency performance. It was also proved wh ere the job performance, turnover rate and agency performance was high because the organizational commitment of insurance agents was high. Reference vermiform appendix JOB SATISFACTION SURVEY enchant go around THE ONE NUMBER FOR distributively straits THAT COMES CLOSEST TO REFLECTING YOUR OPINIONABOUT IT. Disagree very muchDisagree moderatelyDisagree slightlyAgree slightlyAgree moderatelyAgree very much 1 I feel I am being paid a fair amount for the work I do. 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 There is really too little chance for promotion on my job. 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 My supervisor is quite competent in doing his/her job. 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 I am not satisfied with the benefits I receive. 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 When I do a good job, I receive the recognition for it that I should receive. 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 Many of our rules and procedures make doing a good job difficult. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I like the people I work with. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 I sometimes feel my job is meaningless. 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 Communications seem good wit hin this organization. 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 Raises are too few and far between. 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 Those who do well on the job stand a fair chance of being promoted. 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 My supervisor is unfair to me. 1 2 3 4 5 6 13 The benefits we receive are as good as most other organizations offer. 1 2 3 4 5 6 14 I do not feel that the work I do is appreciated. 1 2 3 4 5 6 15 My efforts to do a good job are seldom blocked by red tape. 1 2 3 4 5 6 16 I find I have to work harder at my job because of the incompetence of people I work with. 1 2 3 4 5 6 17 I like doing the things I do at work. 1 2 3 4 5 6 18 The goals of this organization are not clear to me. 1 2 3 4 5 6 disport CIRCLE THE ONE NUMBER FOR separately QUESTION THAT COMES CLOSEST TO REFLECTING YOUR OPINIONABOUT IT. Disagree very muchDisagree moderatelyDisagree slightlyAgree slightlyAgree moderatelyAgree very much 19 I feel unappreciated by the organization when I think about what they pay me. 1 2 3 4 5 6 20 People get ah ead as fast here as they do in other places. 1 2 3 4 5 6 21 My supervisor shows too little enkindle in the feelings of subordinates. 1 2 3 4 5 6 22 The benefit package we have is equitable. 1 2 3 4 5 6 23 There are few rewards for those who work here. 1 2 3 4 5 6 24 I have too much to do at work. 1 2 3 4 5 6 25 I enjoy my coworkers. 1 2 3 4 5 6 26 I often feel that I do not know what is going on with the organization. 1 2 3 4 5 6 27 I feel a sense of pride in doing my job. 1 2 3 4 5 6 28 I feel satisfied with my chances for salary increases. 1 2 3 4 5 6 29 There are benefits we do not have which we should have. 1 2 3 4 5 6 30 I like my supervisor. 1 2 3 4 5 6 31 I have too much paperwork. 1 2 3 4 5 6 32 I dont feel my efforts are rewarded the way they should be. 1 2 3 4 5 6 33 I am satisfied with my chances for promotion. 1 2 3 4 5 6 34 There is too much bickering and fighting at work. 1 2 3 4 5 6 35 My job is enjoyable. 1 2 3 4 5 6 36 Work assignments are not fully e xplained. 1 2 3 4 5 6 organizational COMMITMENT SURVEY PLEASE CIRCLE THE ONE NUMBER FOR EACH QUESTION THAT COMES CLOSEST TO REFLECTING YOUR OPINIONABOUT IT. Disagree very muchDisagree moderatelyDisagree slightlyAgree slightlyAgree moderatelyAgree very much 1 It would be very hard for me to leave my agency right now, even if I wanted to 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 I do not feel any obligation to remain with my current employer 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 I would be very happy to spend the rest of my career with this agency 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 Even if it were to my advantage, I do not feel it would be right to leave my agency now 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 I really feel as if this agencys problems are my own 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 Right now, staying with my agency is a matter of necessity as much as desire 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I do not feel a strong sense of belonging to my agency 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 I feel that I have too few options to consider leaving this agency 1 2 3 4 5 6 demographic questions Personal Particulars Are you Male or Female? (a) M ale (b) Female What is your age? (a) 11 to 19 years old (b) 20 to 29 years old (c) 30 to 39 years old (d) 40 to 49 years old (e) 50 to 59 years old (f) 60 years old and supra What is your income? a) Less than RM1000 (b) RM1000 to RM2000 (c) RM2100 to RM3000 (d) RM 3100 to RM4000 (e) RM4100 to RM5000 (f) More than RM5000 Reference 1) Noor Harun, A. K. & Noor Hasrul N. M. N. (2007). Evaluating the psychometric properties of allen and meyers organizational commitment scale A cross culture natural covering among Malaysian academic librarians. Malaysian daybook of Library & information science, 11(1), Retrieved from http//myjurnal. um. edu. my/filebank/published_article/2034/360. pdf. 2) Price, James L & Mueller, C. W. (1997, October). Measures of job satisfaction Retrieved 7 October 2011 from http//home. ubalt. edu/tmitch/641/jsscales. htm ) Shrivastava. A and Purang. P. (2009). Employee Perceptions of job satisfaction Comparative study on Indian banks. 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Employees Job Satisfactions and Organisational Commitment in Nagarjuna Fertilize rs and Chemicals Limited, India. International Research Journal of Management and Business Studies, 1(1). Retrieved from http//interesjournals. org/IRJMBS/pdf/2011/February/Padala. pdf